Although the high cost of the equipment may limit its introduction to everyday use, it is a cost-effective method of bladder cancer management for long-term follow-up.

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign renal tumor occurring in about 0.3 to 3% of the general population. Most frequently it takes the form of small single tumors occurring sporadically or accompanying tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville-Pringle disease). In some cases the tumor may reach a very large size and be a cause of various serious complications. This case description concerns a 26-year-old female patient, suffering from hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism and binocular blindness during the course of septo-optic dysplasia, in whom a giant, left renal AML was diagnosed and treated surgically. According to the authors’ knowledge this was the first reported case of a huge size AML in a patient with de Morsier syndrome.

Urological cancers, namely prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular, and penile cancers, are common conditions that constitute almost one-quarter of all malignant diseases in men. Urological cancers tend to affect older individuals, and their development is influenced by modifiable metabolic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors. Phytochemicals may have cancer-fighting properties and protect against cancer development, slow its spread, and reduce the risk of cancer deaths in humans. This paper aims to review the current literature in regard to the effects of carotenoids in reducing urological cancer risk.

bleeding or dialysis. There were large discrepancies in ketorolac prescribing behavior among urologists.

Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that BRCA2 mutation predicted poor survival outcomes in patients with PCa especially treatments with radiotherapy. Therefore, BRCA2 mutation as a helpful clinical prognostic factor could stratify the high risk patients and provide clinical strategies for more effective targeted treatments for patients with prostate cancer.