O cidadão e a sua formação no Brasil atual: os papéis do Estado e do professor educação | Santa Maria | v. 41 | n. 2 | p. 329-341 | maio/ago. 2016 Este artigo objetiva discorrer sobre a formação do cidadão no Brasil atual, destacando os papéis que o Estado e o conjunto de professores desempenham nesse processo formativo. Metodologicamente, este trabalho baseia-se na revisão da bibliografia concernente ao assunto nele abordado. Assim, partindo da reflexão contemporânea sobre os conceitos de cidadão e cidadania, o texto traz uma abordagem crítica tanto das políticas públicas educacionais formuladas e implementadas no âmbito da União, dos estados e dos municípios a partir da década de 1990 quanto do trabalho docente ora desenvolvido nas escolas públicas brasileiras. Com isso, pretende-se discutir como o Estado e o professorado, atores essenciais no contexto educacional, podem contribuir para o processo da formação cidadã. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Cidadão; Educação; Políticas públicas.This article aims to discuss the citizen education in hodiernal Brazil, by highlighting the role that both the state and the teachers play in this training process. Methodologically, this work is based on the review of the literature concerning the subject approached in it. Thus, from the contemporary reflection about the concepts of citizen and citizenship, the text brings a critical approach not only of educational public policies formulated and implemented within the Union, states and municipalities from the 1990s but also of the teaching work developed in Brazilian public schools nowadays. With that, it is intended to discuss how the state and the teachers, key actors in the educational setting, can contribute to the process of citizenship education. Abstract
Este artigo se propõe a apontar alguns elementos que constituem exigências apresentadas à carreira docente em três esferas básicas: na sala de aula, no campo sociopolítico e na vida pessoal. Trata-se de uma reflexão relevante para a compreensão da atual conjuntura na qual se insere o trabalho docente no Brasil. O texto objetiva refletir sobre a figura do professor em suas relações consigo mesmo, com o aluno e com a comunidade escolar e não escolar. Os pontos abordados servem para indicar a relevância do papel do educador que, mesmo vivenciando um conjunto crescente de dificuldades para a consecução de seu trabalho, destaca-se como um cidadão talhado para contribuir para a formação de uma realidade social renovada e, simultaneamente, renovadora. O texto descortina uma gama de situações desafiadoras e inevitáveis com as quais o professor se depara no exercício de sua ação tanto dentro dos limites da sala de aula quanto fora dela.
The aim of this work was to obtain porous ceramic parts based on Zirconia stabilized with 5mol.% Yttria (5Y-PSZ), suitable for the infiltration with bioactive glasses, using 3D printed sacrificial polymeric molds. In a first step, honeycomb structured molds were designed with the SolidWorks® software and manufactured by 3D printing using polylactic acid filaments (PLA). These molds were filled with a ceramic mass composed of 5Y-PSZ nanoparticles containing 3wt% polymeric binder and consolidated under pressure of 10MPa and then sintered at 1200 °C-30 min the polymeric molds were consumed. The obtained hexagonal-shaped, porous 5Y-TZP bodies were infiltrated with the bioactive glass 45S5, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, at 1350 °C. The materials were characterized by their relative density, their phase composition by X-ray diffraction analysis, and their microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), besides their mechanical properties of hardness and fracture toughness. Pre-sintered 5Y-PSZ substrates exhibit relative density around 75%, and 90% after sintering and Bioglass infiltration. The samples' microstructure is composed of a 5Y-PSZ matrix of sub-micrometric zirconia grains with an average size of 1.0 mm, besides the secondary infiltrated glassy phase homogeneously distributed, with a Ca/P ratio of 1.7, close to the ideal proportion for hydroxyapatite formation. In conclusion, sacrificial molding is an interesting route to obtaining dense Y-PSZ/Bioglass 45S5 composite in a honeycomb format.
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