The present study aimed to describe and characterize the cellular components during the evolution of chronic granulomatous inflammation in the teleost fish pacus (P. mesopotamicus) induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), using S-100, iNOS and cytokeratin antibodies. 50 fish (120±5.0 g) were anesthetized and 45 inoculated with 20 μL (40 mg/mL) (2.0 x 106 CFU/mg) and five inoculated with saline (0,65%) into muscle tissue in the laterodorsal region. To evaluate the inflammatory process, nine fish inoculated with BCG and one control were sampled in five periods: 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 33rd days post-inoculation (DPI). Immunohistochemical examination showed that the marking with anti-S-100 protein and anti-iNOS antibodies was weak, with a diffuse pattern, between the third and seventh DPI. From the 14th to the 33rd day, the marking became stronger and marked the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Positivity for cytokeratin was initially observed in the 14th DPI, and the stronger immunostaining in the 33rd day, period in which the epithelioid cells were more evident and the granuloma was fully formed. Also after the 14th day, a certain degree of cellular organization was observed, due to the arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculated material, with little evidence of edema. The arrangement of the macrophages around the inoculum, the fibroblasts, the lymphocytes and, in most cases, the presence of melanomacrophages formed the granuloma and kept the inoculum isolated in the 33rd DPI. The present study suggested that the granulomatous experimental model using teleost fish P. mesopotamicus presented a similar response to those observed in mammals, confirming its importance for studies of chronic inflammatory reaction.

Little is known about the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas in nonhuman primates (NHP). The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of and assess the phylogenetic position of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasma species infecting neotropical NHP from Brazilian Amazon. From 2009 to 2013, a total of 98 blood samples from NHP belonging to the Family Cebidae were collected in the island of São Luís, state of Maranhão, of which 87 NHP were from Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS) in the municipality of São Luís, and 11 (9 Sapajus sp. and 2 Saimiri sciureus) were from NHP caught in the Sítio Aguahy Private Reserve. DNA samples were screened by previously described PCR protocols for amplifying Bartonella spp. and Mycoplasma spp. based on nuoG, gltA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Purified amplicons were submitted to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Bacteremia with one or more Bartonella spp. was not detected in NHP. Conversely, 35 NHP were PCR positive to Mycoplasma spp. The Blastn analysis of seven positive randomly selected sequencing products showed percentage of identity ranging from 95% to 99% with other primates hemoplasmas. The Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on a 1510 bp of 16S rRNA gene showed the presence of two distinct clusters, positioned within Mycoplasma haemofelis and Mycoplasma suis groups. The phylogenetic assessment suggests the presence of a novel hemoplasma species in NHP from the Brazilian Amazon.

Summary The study objective was to make histological, histochemical and morphometric evaluations on the splenic Melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) of tilapias, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), that were subjected to chronic inflammation stimuli by implantation (IMP) of a glass coverslip in the subcutaneous tissue and through inoculation of the bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG). Randomly distributed in four groups were 150 tilapias: IMP (n = 45); IMP+BCG (n = 45); BCG (n = 45); and control (n = 15). Nine fish per treatment and three control fish were sampled on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 33. The results demonstrated that increased numbers and areas of these structures were related to the type of stimulus, and that these were greater for the specific response. The principal pigment component identified was hemosiderin. Results suggest that the intensity of the MMC response in O. niloticus depended on the type of inflammatory stimulus used, and that it was greater in fish inoculated with BCG, which induced a granulomatous inflammation when compared to the foreign body inflammatory response induced by the glass coverslips.

RESUMO.A AIDS está entre as principais causas de mortalidade em mulheres de idade fértil, o que demonstra a magnitude com que essa infecção tem atingido a população feminina. Esta pesquisa visou compreender o papel do trabalho no enfrentamento da aids entre mulheres. A pesquisa foi realizada no Grupo Humanitário de Incentivo à Vida (GHIV), com 10 mulheres com idade entre 27 e 57 anos e tempo de soropositividade entre 5 e 10 anos. Análises de conteúdos da transcrição na íntegra das entrevistas permitiram identificar as seguintes categorias temáticas: "Sentidos do trabalho"; "Suporte psicossocial e preconceito"; e "Tratamento e absenteísmo". Como resultado, o trabalho é visto como um lugar de acolhimento e suporte, mas também como um ambiente hostil, com o preconceito ainda visível. A implantação de programas nas instituições, visando minimizar a estigmatização e a discriminação, é vista como uma alternativa para a manutenção da qualidade de vida das pessoas soropositivas. Palavras-chave:HIV/AIDS, trabalho, mulher. WORK AND HIV/AIDS: COPING AND DIFFICULTIES REPORTED BY WOMENABSTRACT. AIDS is among the leading causes of mortality in women of childbearing age, demonstrating the extent to which this infection has reached the female population. This research aimed at understanding the role of work in responding to AIDS among women. The survey was conducted in the Humanitarian Group of Incentive Life (GHIV), with 10 women, aged between 27 and 57 years and duration of seropositivity between 5 and 10 years. Analysis of the contents of the full transcript of the interviews have identified the following themes: meanings of work, psychosocial support prejudice, treatment and absenteeism as a result, work is seen as a place of welcome and support, but also a hostile environment, with prejudice still visible. The need to develop programs in institutions in order to minimize stigmatization and discrimination is seen as an alternative to maintaining the quality of life of people living with HIV.Key words: HIV/AIDS, work, woman. TRABAJO, VIH/SIDA: AFRONTAMIENTO Y DIFICULTADES SEÑALADAS POR LAS MUJERESRESUMEN. El SIDA es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en mujeres en edad fértil, lo que demuestra la magnitud del impacto que esta infección ha llegado a tener en la población femenina. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el papel que juega el trabajo en la lucha contra el SIDA entre las mujeres. La encuesta fue realizada por el Grupo Humanitário de Incentivo a la Vida (GHIV), a 10 mujeres seropositivas. El análisis de las transcripciones literales de las entrevistas permitió identificar categorías temáticas. Como resultado, el sitio de trabajo es visto no sólo como un lugar de acogida y apoyo, sino también como un ambiente hostil en donde el sesgo hacia los seropositivos sigue siendo evidente. La necesidad de implementar programas que minimicen el estigma y la discriminación es una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de vida de las mujeres portadoras del VIH.Palabras-clave: VIH/SIDA, trabajo, mujer.

ResumoO presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar os determinantes sócio-históricos atribuídos pelos usuários às vivências de cuidado na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) na área rural do município de Sacramento/MG. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando para a coleta de dados a técnica de grupos focais e para a interpretação dos resultados, a análise de conteúdo. Foram constituídos três grupos com representantes das famílias de três, dentre seis, povoados rurais, totalizando 36 sujeitos, doze em cada grupo, residentes na área rural e usuários da ESF há pelo menos dois anos, escolhidos com base em fichas de cadastro das famílias na ESF estudada. Sob a perspectiva do materialismo histórico, a análise de conteúdo dos grupos foi concentrada em quatro categorias: disponibilidade; acesso a recursos; movimento social e condições materiais. Os resultados demonstraram satisfação dos usuários em relação à disponibilidade da equipe para a atenção, e o tato nas relações; engajamento na manutenção das condições de saúde e atuação na dimensão sócio-histórica do processo saúde/doença com objetivo de melhorar as condições de vida e trabalho. Houve insatisfação em relação ao aspecto organizacional, remetendo a tudo que ainda está insuficiente, precário ou inexistente nas comunidades. Observou-se na ação da equipe o desenvolvimento de capacidades junto à comunidade que garantiam seus direitos sociais e sua politização. Conclui-se que o enfrentamento do processo saúde/doença pela comunidade e equipe da ESF envolve outros elementos, além do conhecimento 1 Artigo decorrente da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, a qual teve como orientador o Prof. Dr. Marco Antonio de Castro Figueiredo.