The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the maturity of environmental management and the adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices utilizing an integrative framework and evidence from multiple cases. To achieve this goal, a state of the art literature review on environmental management maturity was performed, and a typology of GSCM practices was created to produce an original integrative framework of GSCM maturity levels. To verify its applicability to real cases, five companies in supply chains with high levels of environmental impact were analyzed. Of the five companies, two were in the battery business, two in the pesticides business, and one in the automotive business. Adherence to the integrative framework was verified, and sensitivity to changes in maturity of environmental management and the adoption of GSCM practices were observed, achieving the research's objective. The following classification of GSCM maturity levels was obtained: (a) first, the reactive GSCM level with low adoption of GSCM practices, which is motivated by legal restrictions; (b) second, the preventive GSCM level with average adoption of GSCM practices, which is driven by cost reduction; (c) and third, the proactive GSCM level, which is driven by the pursuit of competitive advantages.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ocular effects, the feasibility and the quality of retrobulbar block using the inferior temporal technique with different local anesthetics applied with the Tuohy epidural needle in dogs. Eight dogs were included in the experiment and each one was studied four times, with interval of 15 days between the treatments: Lido -2% lidocaine, Ropi -0.75% ropivacaine, Bupi -0.5% racemic bupivacaine and Levo -0.75% levobupivacaine. Except for the ropivacaine, all of the local anesthetics contained epinephrine at 1:200.000. The blocks were performed in the right eyes immediately after anesthetic induction, and the left eyes were not blocked and were used as controls. The intraocular pressure, tear production and corneal sensitivity were evaluated before any procedure (T0), 30 min after premedication (TMPA), 30 min after anesthetic induction (T30), after recovery from anesthesia (TREC), every 60 min up to 360 min and 12 and 24 h after the block. The pupil diameter was evaluated at the same time points, excepted at T0. The maximum pupillary dilatation was observed in Lido group at T120 followed by Ropi at TREC, and Bupi and Levo at T30. All of the anesthetics maintained eye pressure within acceptable levels for normal dogs and significantly reduced tear production. Tear production returned earliest in group Lido, followed by Bupi, Ropi and Levo. The corneal sensitivity returned earliest in group Lido, followed by Ropi, Bupi and Levo. The retrobulbar block using the temporal inferior technique proved to be feasible and safe, although lubrication of the ocular surface is suggested. Key words: Bupivacaine, dogs, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos oculares, a exequibilidade e qualidade do bloqueio retrobulbar pela técnica inferior temporal, em cães, com diferentes anestésicos locais empregando-se agulha epidural de Tuohy. Oito cães foram incluídos no experimento e cada um foi estudado quatro vezes, com intervalo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos: Lido -lidocaína a 2%; Ropi -ropivacaína a 0,5%, Bupi -bupivacaína racêmica a 0,5% e Levo -levobupivacaína a 0,75%. Com exceção da ropivacaína, todos os anestésicos continham epinefrina 1:200.000. Os bloqueios foram realizados nos olhos direitos dos animais imediatamente após a indução anestésica, e os olhos esquerdos, não bloqueados, foram utilizados como controle. Avaliou-se a pressão intraocular, a produção lacrimal e a sensibilidade corneal antes de qualquer procedimento (T0), 30 min após a medicação pré-anestésica (TMPA), 30 min após a indução anestésica (T30), após a recuperação da anestesia (TREC), a cada 60 min até 360 min e 12 e 24 h após o bloqueio. O diâmetro pupilar foi avaliado nos mesmos momentos, exceto no T0. A máxima dilatação pupilar foi observada no grupo Lido seguida pelos grupos Ropi, Bupi e Levo. Todos os anestésicos mantiveram a pressão ocular dentro dos níveis normais para cães e reduziram significativamente a produção lacrimal. A produção lacrimal reto...
A metodologia Seis Sigma é uma estratégia de negócio baseada na tomada de decisão objetiva, considerando dados significativos e reais para a criação de metas viáveis, analisando a causa dos defeitos e sugerindo formas de eliminar a lacuna existente entre o desempenho de um processo e o desejado. Pela verificação da importância da integração entre o saneamento ambiental e a gestão de operações, buscou-se, por meio de uma simulação, realizar uma análise dos processos envolvidos no tratamento convencional de água sob a óptica da metodologia Seis Sigma. Considerando uma produção de 2,58 milhões de m 3 .mês -1 e um Keywords: Six Sigma; environmental sanitation; Water Treatment Plant. INTRODUÇÃOEm meados dos anos 1980, a Motorola, multinacional americana do ramo de telecomunicações, encontrava-se em crise. As insatisfações e frustrações dos clientes cresciam como uma epidemia, motivadas principalmente por um sistema produtivo que não previa a satisfação do consumidor e pela baixa qualidade dos produtos. Nesse contexto, os elevados custos operacionais e a perda da participação no mercado frente aos produtos japoneses comprometiam a saúde financeira da empresa (LARSON, 2003).Para findar essa problemática, foi desenvolvida, pelo engenheiro da Motorola, Bill Smith, no ano de 1986, a metodologia Seis Sigma.O Seis Sigma representa um programa de gestão da qualidade cuja finalidade é o controle das variações no processo produtivo para reduzir o número de defeitos para 3,4 por milhão de oportunidades, ou seja, 3,4 ppm. Em decorrência da análise dos processos internos da empresa, concluiu-se que grande parte do custo de fabricação estava associada às perdas e às falhas na produção, resultando em
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to carry out a systematic review of the state of the art of the environmental training theme and to propose a research agenda to shed light on this subject by suggesting new research in the area. Design/methodology/approach This is a systematic review of the state of the art of the environmental training theme. Findings The authors’ main contribution is the proposal of a research agenda with 11 recommendations for future research, such as conducting research in developed countries; research focusing only on environmental training; qualitative research using case studies; research that explores the co-evolution of environmental training practices with environmental management practices and with the maturity stage of environmental management in organizations; and research that addresses all aspects of environmental training phases proposed by ISO 10015: 2001. Originality/value This is the most recent research which conducts a systematic review of the state of the art on environmental training and proposes a research agenda with several suggestions that can guide researchers in human resources, environmental management, sustainability and supply chain management.
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