We analyze 11 years (2003–2013) of repeat temperature and salinity sections from across the New England shelf break south of Cape Cod during early summer (June–July). The mean sections resolved the shelf break front which supports the Shelf Break Jet, a vital component of the regional circulation. Individual sections showed a great deal of variability associated with meanders in the shelf break front consistent with previous studies in the region. Over the 11 year record, the shelf region (inshore of the 100 m isobath) warmed by 0.26 °C yr −1, with the majority of this warming occurring shallower than 20 m (0.58 °C yr −1). The full‐depth trend agrees well with previous studies of shelf warming to the north and the south of our study region. The temperature and salinity of the offshore edge of the Cold Pool Water on the shelf did not change significantly during this period. The surface warming on the shelf resulted in a decrease in near‐surface density of 0.12 kg m −3 yr −1 and an increase in stratification between 10 and 15 m of 6.7×10−5 s −2 yr −1. Offshore of the shelf break, the Slope Water also warmed and became more saline by 0.21 °C yr −1 and 0.04 yr −1 respectively, resulting in a maximal reduction in density of 0.01 kg m −3 yr −1. In the Shelf Break Front, there is some evidence of freshening and a reduction in density, which may have resulted from an offshore shift in the Cold Pool but the statistical significance is small.

A general coastal retreat affects almost all the beaches of the Apulia region (southern Italy). In particular, the coastal strip of the Gulf of Manfredonia shows an evident retreat due to human activity. To control coastal erosion, several defence interventions have been realised: breakwaters, shore parallel defences, and, above all, sev- eral types of groynes (rectilinear, hook-shaped, T-shaped) were built along the shoreline in accordance with local request. Nowadays, there are about 300 coastal defences built up to protect against human activities. A laser scanner survey of these defences, using a Leica Geosystems HDS3000, was carried out between April 2006 and September 2008 to collect data about the beach profiles and changes occurring in the defence framework. The survey work consists of 3D rendering of defences in order to make comparisons between scans of different periods. Overlap between the points cloud of the whole coastline showed that defences preserved their own profile when no human interventions took place. Moreover, throughout the length of the investigated area, not a single trend occurred in the beach profile: according to the defence framework, some stretches of coast display advancing trend, while others are stable or retreating. Therefore, this preliminary study indicated that the changes that occurred in the beach pro- files and defence structures are mainly due to human interventions

The sea cliff of Vignanotica Bay (Gargano Promontory, Southern Italy) is a site that, for its peculiar geological features, can be considered a witness of geodiversity and that, as such, should be evaluated as geosite. Since it is necessary to first know, then enhance, and finally protect a geosite, here we propose a modern method of study aimed at the understanding and dissemination of geological knowledge to a wide audience of non-experts. The cliff, located in the Gargano National Park, was investigated using both stratigraphic-sedimentological and digital methods. The former method, realised using macrofacies and microfacies analysis, allowed us to study features of a deep-marine environment, characterised by subaqueous slides (slumpings). The latter method allowed us to achieve a virtual 3D model of the entire sea cliff, highlighting many geological features, often difficult to observe since they are exposed along high vertical walls. The combined use of these methods led to a complete characterisation of the cliff, useful both to promote geological knowledge and to preserve the site

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