Preliminary results showed the feasibility and safety of the transvaginal NOTES method in this small initial study population. The technique, developed in our institution, and not transgastric NOTES, may be the preferred approach to serve as the basis for clinical studies.
Results of clinical applications of NOTES in the IMTN Study showed the feasibility of different methods of this new minimally invasive alternative for laparoscopic and open surgery.
Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery is a new development area with potential advantages for patients. However, technical and ethical challenges involved in perforation and closure of a healthy organ, as seen in transgastric access, and lack of comprehension of physiopathology of these approaches haven't allowed clinical application. The present study, based on previous animal experiments, describes the first clinical application of transvaginal Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery. On March 13, 2007, a 43-year-old female patient with symptomatic cholelithiasis with surgical indication was submitted to elective Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery transvaginal cholecystectomy using a colonoscope, endoscopic graspers, and vaginal platform instruments. Operative time was 66 minutes, and vaginal access and closure were obtained in 15 minutes. The patient had good postoperative evolution and was dismissed within 48 hours without complications. Recent literature and experience of the present study group suggest possibilities for preliminary clinical applications by transvaginal natural orifice surgery. The access may offer earlier benefits in the literature than the transgastric route because of lack of danger of fistula and peritonitis. Further studies regarding instrument development and physiology of natural orifice surgery are ongoing, possibly bringing solutions for more advanced procedures.
Laparoscopy is now a reliable method for staging gastrointestinal cancer, orienting the therapy, and avoiding unnecessary laparotomy. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an emerging concept with potential advantages for patient recovery. The first case of clinical diagnostic application of transvaginal NOTES for diagnostic cancer staging is presented. Informed consent and Institutional Commission approval were obtained for transvaginal clinical trials. On February 28, 2007, a patient with elective surgical indication for diagnostic cancer staging was submitted to transvaginal NOTES procedure, and intra- and postoperative parameters were documented. In a 50-year-old female patient presenting with ascitis, diffuse abdominal pain, and weight loss for 2 months, diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis was suspected, which was also found when a CT scan was performed. Transvaginal NOTES was used for diagnostic staging of the patient, using a colonoscope introduced into the abdomen through a small incision in the vagina. Biopsies of liver, diaphragm, ovaries, and peritoneum were successfully performed. Operative time was 105 min, vaginal access and closure was obtained in 15 min. Abdominal inventory was reliable, and all 16 biopsies taken were positive for ovarian adenocarcinoma. The patient was dismissed 48 hours after the procedure without complications. Recent literature and experience of the study group suggest possibilities for preliminary clinical applications by transvaginal natural orifice surgery for diagnostic purposes.
INTRODUÇÃOTumores de grandes vasos são classicamente difí-ceis de diagnosticar, pela dificuldade de interpretar exames de imagens que consigam delimitar corretamente os tumores em seu sítio e também devido à pouca sintomatologia apresentada quando estes ainda não obstruíram o vaso por completo.O leiomioma benigno metastatizante (LBM) é uma afecção rara com aproximadamente 75 casos relatados na literatura científica mundial, sendo seu sítio mais comum o pulmão 1 . Este termo foi cunhado por Steiner em 1939, em relato de caso de paciente de 36 anos que morreu após um elevado número de metástases pulmonares e linfáticas hilares oriundas de um leiomioma uterino 2 . Há na literatura, relatos esporá-dicos sobre leiomioma metastatizante com implantação na veia cava inferior.O LBM de veia cava pode ocorrer como conseqüên-cia de um leiomioma uterino em pacientes com a doença ativa ou, mais freqüentemente, naquela com história pregressa de histerectomia. Não há associação com fertilidade ou paridade da paciente. Seu diagnóstico pré-operatório é muito difícil, somente podendo ser feito com os achados intra-operatórios e o posterior exame anatomopatológico da peça. Devido à dificuldade de identificação, deve-se ter em mente que os LBM são subdiagnosticados 1,3 . RELATO DO CASOPaciente do sexo feminino, 54 anos, portadora de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em tratamento regular com história familiar para doenças cardiovasculares. Possuía história prévia de colecistectomia videolaparoscópica há três anos e histerectomia parcial há 16 meses devido à miomatose, com útero que se mostrava de textura heterogênea, com nódulos pequenos hipoecóicos intramurais fúndicos, um deles medindo 1,5 cm x 2 cm e o outro, calcificado, medindo 2,5 cm x 2,4 cm. Há um ano procurou atendimento médico para avaliação de esteatose hepática, descoberta através de ultrassonografia (USG) pré-operatória para colecistectomia, realizada três anos antes, que não demonstrava lesão nos grandes vasos. Relatava desconforto abdominal leve como única sintomatologia. Seu exame físico não apresentava alterações. Na USG abdominal de admissão evidenciou-se nodulação hipoecóica no hipocôndrio direito, de contornos regulares e textura homogênea entre o rim direito e a veia cava, acima do músculo psoas, medindo 7,5 cm x 3,5 cm x 4 cm. Foi realizada tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal que evidenciava massa retroperitoneal à direita, sem plano de clivagem com a veia cava e com o músculo psoas direito. A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) apresentava formação expansiva infiltrante, isointensa em T1 e T2 de limites pouco definidos, captando levemente o meio de contraste, aparentemente com limites com a segunda e terceira porções duodenais, promovendo espessamento parietal destes segmentos. Foi indicada laparotomia exploradora, sendo realizada ressecção da massa com parte da parede lateral da veia cava inferior por clampeamento lateral e sutura contínua com Prolene® 4.0 (Figuras. 1 e 2).O exames histopatológicos macroscópico e microscópico evidenciaram leiomioma benigno...
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