Objective To examine the predictive utility of the Child Behavior Checklist Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (CBCL- PBD) profile to help identify children at risk for bipolar disorder. Methods Subjects were ascertained from two identically designed longitudinal case-control family studies of boys and girls with ADHD. Based on data from the baseline assessment, ADHD subjects without a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder were stratified by the presence (CBCL-PBD Positive; N=28) or absence (CBCL-PBD Negative N=176) of a CBCL-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) score ≥ 210 (total of Attention, Aggression, and Anxious/Depressed subscales). Subjects were comprehensively assessed at follow-up with structured psychiatric interviews. Results Over an average follow up period of 7.4 years, a positive CBCL-PBD score predicted subsequent diagnoses of bipolar disorder, major depression and conduct disorder, as well as impaired psychosocial functioning and higher risk for psychiatric hospitalization. Conclusion This work suggests that a positive CBCL-PBD score based on the elevations on the Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious/Depressed subscales predicts subsequent pediatric bipolar disorder and associated syndrome congruent impairments. If confirmed in other studies, the CBCL-PBD score has the potential to help identify children at high risk to develop bipolar disorder.

Family-centred care has been recognized as a basic tenet of paediatric nursing for some time because it is believed that children benefit from the continuous presence of their patents. It is for this reason that the concept of care by parents has evolved. Although such a philosophy is beneficial for the child, it has undoubtedly evolved due to low staffing levels, and in such an environment the guidelines for safe practice are easily called into question. In the wake of a new paediatric oncology ward, it was decided to consider instituting care by parents. In an effort to do this in a structured way, it was decided to make our practice research based. A teaching tool was formulated and five mothers who presented consecutively to the paediatric oncology ward were taught how to administer intravenous antibiotics to their child. Mothers' views on the teaching programme were sought using taped interviews, and the data were analysed using grounded theory. This methodology allowed a theoretical framework based on realistic data to emerge, and the resultant themes provided a valuable insight into mothers' views on the subject. It emerged that nurses' attitudes towards care by parents require clarifying and that changes need to take place if this concept is to be taken on board. Negotiation to allow mutual understanding between parents and nurses is essential to the successful implementation of such a scheme.

Recent large-scale survey research has raised serious concerns in both the counselling community and the mass media about the ways in which counsellors work with lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) clients (Bartlett et al., 2009;Meads et al., 2009; Metro, 2009). The current questionnaire-based research focused on client experiences of their own, and counsellor's, self-disclosures of sexuality.Most clients did not require counsellor disclosure, however failure of the counsellor to disclose could result in problems and assumptions being made by the client. We conclude that LGB awareness is improving, but there is still much need for training in this area to challenge limiting assumptions by some counsellors and to avoid the need for clients to educate them.

In critical gerontology, the goal of aging and biography should] be a critical empiricism; its aim on the one hand, is to make visible the variety, contingency, and inventiveness in any and all efforts to present life, and on the other hand, to resist the temptation to put it all together into an analytically consistent and comprehensive framework privileging certain voices and silencing others. (Gubrium, 1993, p. 125) This article presents the results of a study of 24 ethnically diverse older adults' autobiographical memories of critical life events involving discrimination. These narratives reflect how the participants overcame adversity and developed resiliency that made not only their lives better, but improved those of their family and community. The idea that people may grow through adversity has become known as resilience. The term resilience refers to self-righting behavior, and is reserved for unpredicted or distinctly successful adaptations to negative life events, trauma, stress, or risk. People who are resilient draw on internal resources including hope and determination, as well as on external supports such as mutual aid networks (Greene, 2002). Resiliency is a "universal capacity which allows a person, group or community to prevent, minimize or overcome the damaging effects of adversity. Resiliency may transform or make stronger the lives of those who are resilient" (Grotberg, 1995, p. 2).Narrative interviews build on the growing body of evidence suggesting that the family's ethnic cultural values, mutual psychological support, and positive socialization patterns enable people to transcend what could be the debilitating effects of bigotry and prejudice (Genero, 1998;Miller & MacIntosh, 1999). Interviews also reveal how families foster competence despite the high risk of oppression, providing an understanding of what factors lead to individual, family, and societal resilience.