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Abstract-The objective of the research was to find the suitable habitat for Whreathed Hornbill (Acerosundulatus) using GIS in Mount Ungaran. The research was carried out in five stations: Banyuwindu, Gajah Mungkur, Watu Ondo, Gunung Gentong, and Gajah Mungkur. The method of data collection consisted of spatial data and tabular data. The determining of habitat and the nest distribution were carried out using GPS (Global Positioning System) andprocessing the data was using Arc Gis and Erdas Imagine 9.1 software.The results showed that very suitable area for bird habitat in Mount Ungaranwas 2436.73 ha (13%), whereas 985.11 ha (51%) was considered as suitable area and 7171.37 ha or 36% as unsuitable area. The results validate the suitability of habitat for Whreathed Hornbill is 75%. The accuracy value of 75% indicates that the suitability map model for Whreathed Hornbill habitat is relatively good and is acceptable.

Abstract. Kurniawan FH, Nazar L, Anjarwati R, Sasono HD, Rahayuningsih M. 2021. Orchids of Mount Ungaran (Indonesia) compiled from a decade of data collections between 2010 and 2021. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 245-259. Orchid is well known as a plant group widely used as ornamental plants because of their uniqueness. But, high exploitation, deforestation, and land-use changes have threatened orchid species and triggered extinction. It also happened in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia, despite designation as an essential ecosystem area. This research was conducted to add an updated list of wild orchid species that can serve as biodiversity baseline data for conservation management in Mount Ungaran. The study was carried out through exploration activities from 2010 to 2021. The study area covered eleven sites namely Gentong Hills, Kalisidi, Pasigitan, Banyuwindu, Gajahmungkur, Watuondo, Mawar Camp, Indrakila, Gondang and Puncak which were all included in the buffer zone of Mount Ungaran. A total of 115 species from 54 genera of orchids were successfully identified, including 78 species of epiphyte and 37 species of terrestrial orchids. Among the species recorded, at least 27 species were known to be endemic to Indonesia, and 8 species were endemic to the island of Java, which four species were listed in the IUCN Red List. In addition, all the species found were listed in Appendix II of the CITES, except one species, Paphiopedilum javanicum which was listed in Appendix I. This study recorded the new distribution records of several species of orchids that were previously only found in West Java or East Java, i.e., Ania penangiana, Pholidota convallariae, and Crepidium junghuhnii. This study has also documented a species from genus Crepidium, which morphological characters have not been described in any identification guides. The Gentong area has potential as a priority for in-situ orchid protection area by the highest number of species were reached 54% of all orchids found on Mount Ungaran.

Reef fishery is one of the main activities of fishermen in the tropic area. Changing of economy and ecology has resulted in changes in revenue and operating strategies of fishing. Fishermen have used a variety of strategies to maintain their activity. To examine this problem, we conducted the reseach in Karimunjawa, Central Java. The results of this study suggest that fish composition, fishing gear productivity and fishing gear which used by fishermen have changed over the period 2003-2005 and from 2009 to 2011. When during period of 2003-2005 fising trip of gear was dominated by muroami, then in the period 2009-2011 fishing trip dominated by speargun (arrows). These changes, thought to be caused by changes in market demand especially yellow tail (Caesio sp), the fishing operations cost and catches both in number and composition of fish.

Mount Ungaran has abundant of biodiversity potential on the remaining natural forest including flora and fauna. The objective of this research was to know the community knowledge on biodiversity in Mount Ungaran for support biodiversity conservation. The study was conducted on May-August 2019 in two villages, Ngesrepbalong and Banyuwindu, Preliminary data collection included 6 (six) components and 61 person had been interview as a informants. The results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitative description. The results of preliminary research from interviews and Googleforms showed that taxa were the best known to successive respondents sequently : flora (100%), butterfly (98,41%), bird (96.83%), mammal (93,65), dragonfly (90.48%), frog/toads (82.53%), and reptile (73.02%). These results indicate that the flora group is easily recognized by the respondents, while the reptiles are a less well-known group. Many flora groups are well-known because the flora is widely used by people such as the species of pine, orchid, and fern. Nevertheless, more than 70% of respondents apparently did not know that of the several species (47 species) were protected species. Respondents only know 6 (six) protected species and especially from fauna groups, including javanese hawk eagles, whreated hornbill, langurs, porcupines, anteaters, and python.