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Far northeastern Siberia has been occupied by humans for more than 40 thousand years. Yet, owing to a scarcity of early archaeological sites and human remains, its population history and relationship to ancient and modern populations across Eurasia and the Americas are poorly understood. Here, we analyze 34 ancient genome sequences, including two from fragmented milk teeth found at the ~31.6 thousand-yearold (kya) Yana RHS site, the earliest and northernmost Pleistocene human remains found. These genomes reveal complex patterns of past population admixture and replacement events throughout northeastern Siberia, with evidence for at least three large-scale human migrations into the region. The first inhabitants, a previously unknown population of "Ancient North Siberians" (ANS), represented by Yana RHS, diverged ~38 kya from Western Eurasians, soon after the latter split from East Asians. Between 20 and 11 kya, the ANS population was largely replaced by peoples with ancestry related to present-day East Asians, giving rise to ancestral Native Americans and "Ancient Paleosiberians" (AP), represented by a 9.8 kya skeleton from Kolyma River. AP are closely related to the Siberian ancestors of Native Americans, and ancestral to contemporary communities such as Koryaks and Itelmen. Paleoclimatic modelling shows evidence for a refuge during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in southeastern Beringia, suggesting Beringia as a possible location for the admixture forming both ancestral Native Americans and AP. Between 11 and 4 kya, AP were in turn largely replaced by another group of peoples with ancestry from East Asia, the "Neosiberians" from which many contemporary Siberians derive. We detect gene flow events in both directions across the Bering Strait during this time, influencing the genetic composition of Inuit, as well as Na Dene-speaking Northern Native Americans, whose Siberian-related ancestry components is closely related to AP. Our analyses reveal that the population history of northeastern Siberia was highly dynamic throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The pattern observed in northeastern Siberia, with earlier, once widespread populations being replaced by distinct peoples, seems to have taken place across northern Eurasia, as far west as Scandinavia. Northeastern Siberia (the modern Russian Far East) is one of the most remote and extreme environments colonized by humans. Extending from the Taimyr Peninsula in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the China/Russia border north to the Arctic Ocean, the region is home to dozens of diverse ethnolinguistic groups. Recent genetic studies of the

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Статья представляет собой воспоминания учениц Г.Ф. Дебеца о своем Учителе, о его неповторимом облике, манере держаться, работать, о его профессиональных качествах. Приводятся краткие сведения о его жизни и творчестве. Обзорно очерчена та исключительная роль, которую сыграл Г.Ф. Дебец в сложении отечественной палеоантропологии. Дана характеристика некоторых направлений его палеоантропологических исследований, в конечном итоге сформировавших особую научную школу, которая блестяще зарекомендовала себя в мировом научном сообществе и продолжает существовать в настоящее время. Ключевые слова: Г.Ф. Дебец; палеоантропология; краниология; остеология; история науки.

In conditions of prolonged professional contact with penicillin and streptomycin, diseases may develop, the clinic of which is characterized by pronounced polymorphism and polysyndromicity, including lesions of the skin, internal organs and nervous system [1-7]. The main pathogenetic link in the development of this pathology is allergy [5, 7]. It is known that in allergic diseases, the functional state of the adrenal glands has a significant impact on the course and nature of clinical manifestations. However, the role of the functional state of these glands in the genesis of diseases caused by antibiotics has not yet been clarified.