Within the framework of a biopsychosocial disease model, this article considers the impact of psychological issues as they relate to malignant disease, specifically assessing the attitude toward or perception of the disease in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. A total of 107 patients with prostate cancer depending on the disease phase after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. The patients’ age range was 48 to 84 years. Pathogenic reactions caused by patient’s perception of the diagnosis and internal illness model had an impact on the disease course, adherence to treatment, and quality of life. Psychological tests were used to study the relationship between the disease and related psychological characteristics. The findings can improve the understanding of the role of psychological factors in the complex treatment and rehabilitation of patients with a malignancy, aiding in the choice of targets for psychosocial interventions.

Psychological rehabilitation is an integral part of rehabilitation of a cancer patient. Psychological rehabilitation is aimed at a patient adaptation in the situation of the disease and improvement his quality of life. Understanding of an oncological disease is extreme and (or) crisis situation and monitoring dynamics of the psychological statement of a patient allows using differentiated approach in the provision of professional psychological assistance. The modified scale of self-esteem level of distress (IPOS) was used for screening of mental and emotional stress of cancer patients. There were selected groups of cancer patients who were most in need of professional psychological assistance. Results of a psychological study of one of these groups - breast cancer patients - are presented.

The development of medicine increases the number of people living in situations of severe chronic illness, such as cancer. Around the world, the direction of the rehabilitation of such people is being developed in order to prevent disadaptation. Psychological rehabilitation is an essential component of rehabilitation. Psychological rehabilitation of people in a situation of cancer has its own characteristics. Presents the basics of psychological rehabilitation of the rehabilitation department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMIC of Oncology named after NN Petrov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

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