Four cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were tested for regeneration efficiency. Embryo axes from mature seeds were incubated on Murashige and Skoog or Gamborg media containing 6-benzyladenine (10 mg/l), without and with adenine hemisulphate (20 mg/l). Efficient regeneration was achieved when explants were incubated on Gamborg media amended with 6-benzyladenine, without adenine hemisulphate. This medium provided high regeneration efficiency in the four cultivars tested: Apetito G13637 (98-100%), Flor de Mayo Anita (96-98%), ICA Palmar G4523 (88-97%) and Pinto Saltillo (83-84%). The division and transfer of organogenic shoot of all cultivars to induction and multiplication medium every 15 days resulted in the formation of three to five new organogenic embryo axes per transfer. A single 5-mm cluster formed up to 20 shoots, from which two to three whole plants were regenerated. Regeneration efficiency differed significantly between the two basic media; Gamborg induced high organogenic shoot formation (98-100%) and whole plant regeneration (93%), whereas Murashige and Skoog media showed lower and inconsistent organogenic shoot formation (15-73%) and whole plant regeneration (29%). The protocol that included Gamborg media show high regeneration efficiency across different bean genotypes, resulting in whole plants comparable to seed-produced plants.
El potencial inhibitorio de tres cepas de actinobacterias (B21, B22 y B37) contra los fitopatógenos: Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici y Fusarium oxysporum fue evaluado in vitro mediante la técnica de cultivos aperados, donde a las 72 h después de la confrontación se evaluó el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) por las actinobacterias. Los resultados mostraron un PICR variable entre 67.54 y 93.84% dependiendo del patógeno. La cepa B22 fue la que mostro un PICR promedio de 98.73% para los tres fitopatógenos. En el escrutinio in vivo, las plantas de chile inoculadas con las actinobacterias mostraron mayor altura de la planta y mayor peso seco de los frutos con respecto al testigo, lo que sugiere que las actinobacterias promueven el crecimiento de plantas de chile.
Recent findings made by our group indicate that the iron content in Phaseolus vulgaris leaves is at least four times greater than in grains therefore, we evaluated the effect of supplementation with bean leaf (iron content of 275 mg/kg on a dry basis) in iron-deficient rats. Anemia was induced by feeding rats with an iron-deficient diet (IDD) for 11 days and iron-recovery diets were subsequently tested for 14 days using a normal diet, a 10 % bean leaf-supplemented IDD (BLSD) or a ferrous sulfate-supplemented IDD. Decreased levels of leukocytes (64 %), erythrocytes (30 %), lymphocytes (62 %), granulocytes (72 %), hematocrit (34 %), hemoglobin (35 %), and ferritin (34 %) were observed in the iron-deficient rats compared to the control rats. BLSD supplementation showed the highest recovery values relative to those recorded for control rats: leukocytes (40 %), erythrocytes (24 %), lymphocytes (33 %), granulocytes (88 %), hematocrit (17 %), and hemoglobin (18 %), suggesting that common bean leaves could be a good source of bioavailable iron with possible immunomodulatory effects.
El gen defensina de Arabidopsis thaliana es un péptido antimicrobiano que proporciona protección a una amplia gama de agentes patógenos. Las líneas transgénicas del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Flor de Mayo Anita expresan constitutivamente el gen defensina pdf 1.2 siendo generados por la transformación de hipocotilos mediada por Agrobacterium sp. vía organogénesis directa. El gen pdf 1.2 es expresado bajo el control del promotor CaMV-35S en las plantas de frijol transformando a estas en resistentes al hongo fitopatógeno Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. La respuesta fue una reducción significativa en la formación de lesiones y la proliferación en masa de esporas en las líneas T0, T1 y T3 en comparación con las plantas no transformadas. Veinte plantas transgénicas T3 de frijol común fueron generadas a partir de 5 líneas independientes que expresaron el gen pdf 1.2, mostrando resistencia a razas 448 y 1472 de C. lindemuthianum en comparación con las plantas no transformadas. Un análisis del nivel de la expresión génica del gen pdf 1.2 por Q-PCR mostro que todas las plantas que fueron consideradas resistentes o tolerantes, tuvieron niveles similares de expresión transcripcional en oposición a las plantas susceptibles, las cuales no mostraron presencia de la transcripción pdf 1.2.
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