Introduction The rectovaginal septum (RVS) is a layer of dense fibro‐connective tissue, smooth muscle, and elastic and collagen fibers containing a neurovascular bundle of the inferior hypogastric plexus, providing support, innervation, and irrigation. It allows for mobility between the rectum and vagina and helps in limiting the spread of infections or tumors, as well as a guide for several types of surgeries. Any damage may predispose to rectocele, enterocele, fistula, constipation, incontinence, or sexual dysfunction. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the morphology (thickness or length). The objective of this study was to determine morphometric characteristics and variations in correlation to the number of pregnancies, method of delivery, parity and estrogenic exposure. Materials and methods An observational, cross‐sectional, retrospective, descriptive and comparative study was performed. Pelvic RMIs of Hispanic women from the northeast of México were obtained, with an age of 15 years and older. Those with gynecological pathology were excluded. Age, obstetrics and gynecology history was registered and the population was categorized by the number of pregnancies (nulligravida, 1–3 pregnancies, or ≥ 4 pregnancies), type of delivery (vaginal, cesarean section, or mixed), parity (primiparous or multiparous) and estrogen exposure (premenopause and postmenopause). Results A total of 102 RMIs were included, the mean age was 41.03 ± 15.23 years (range 15 to 77). A quarter (24.5%) of the patients were nulligravida, the rest (75.5%) being primi‐ or multigravida. Of those with previous pregnancies, vaginal delivery was the most common type (49.35%); 16.88% had a cesarean section, and 31.17% had a history of both types of delivery. Within the women who had a vaginal delivery, 19.6% were primipara and 41.2% were multipara; only 25.5% were postmenopause. The mean RVS length was 73.16 mm, with a thickness of 2.76, 2.24, and 2.53 mm for the upper, middle and lower thirds. In women with vaginal delivery, multiparous had a statistically significant longer RVS than primiparous (p 0.011), as well as a tendency of higher thickness, although the latter without statistical significance. Pre‐menopause women had statistically significant longer RVS (p 0.031) with a tendency to lose thickness towards post‐menopause. Conclusion The morphology of RVS can be modified by different factors such as age, number of pregnancies, number of births and estrogenic exposure.
Background: Gout is a chronic disorder caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissues. Tophi are granulomatous inflammatory responses to the deposited crystals and manifest as subcutaneous nodules, typically in the first metatarsophalangeal joint but also in the olecranon bursa, Achilles tendon, ears, and finger pulps. Case Report: A 56-year-old male presented to an outpatient clinic with an 8-month history of an expanding scrotal lesion. The patient had no significant family history but had a history of high blood pressure and gout, diagnosed at age 24 years, without current treatment. Excisional biopsy from the ulcerated area of the scrotum was performed for confirmatory diagnosis, and pathology reported gouty tophus. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this case is the first report of a scrotal manifestation of gouty tophus and the second of genital involvement. Awareness of the possibility of genital manifestations of this disease is important because although gouty tophi are rare, they can present in patients with long-term uncontrolled gout.
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