Hydroponic lettuce production on coconut fiber using desalination wastewaterThe scarcity of good quality water has led to the necessity of using wastewater for irrigation in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This greenhouse experiment was carried out in the Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido, located in Mossoro-RN, aiming to evaluate the use of wastewater from the reverse osmosis desalination process on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) production. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme: five levels of salinity (1.1, 2.4, 3.6, 4,7 and 5.7 dS m -1 ) in the nutrient solution (according to the proportions of desalination of the wastewater in the nutrient solution: 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and two lettuce cultivars: Verônica and Quatro Estações. Seedlings were planted in trays filled with coconut fiber as a substrate and allowed to growth for 24 days under hydroponic conditions, with different levels of salinity in the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution treatments were provided by a continuous flow rate drip irrigation system. A escassez de água de boa qualidade na região semiárida leva ao uso de água salobra para a irrigação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de rejeito da dessalinização na solução nutritiva, sobre a produção da alface (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivada em sistema hidropônico com o substrato fibra de coco. O ensaio foi desenvolvido em um ambiente protegido do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, em Mossoró-RN, instalado em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial com cinco x dois tratamentos e três repetições, testando-se cinco níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva, obtidos com ou sem a necessidade de diluição da água de rejeito da dessalinização (CE 1,1; 2,4; 3,6; 4,7 e 5,7 dS m -1 ) e dois cultivares de alface (Verônica e alface roxa, cv. Quatro Estações). As plantas cresceram bem em todos os níveis de salinidade, mostrando que as águas residuárias do processo de dessalinização podem ser usadas como fonte potencial de água para a produção hidropônica de alface, embora as perdas de produção tenham aumentado com a salinidade, (6 a 8% por unidade de condutividade elétrica) , chegando a 28-35% para a solução totalmente preparada com água de rejeito. O cv. Quatro Estações mostrou maior tolerância à salinidade do que Verônica. Palavras-chave:Lactuca sativa L., água salina. ambiente protegido. 633Uso de rejeito da dessalinização na solução nutritiva da alface, cultivada em fibra de coco 1 Rev. Ceres, Viçosa, v. 58, n.5, p. 632-637, set/out, 2011Total yield, fresh and dry mater, leaf number, and leaf area were recorded. Plants grew well in all levels of salinity showing that the wastewater from the desalination process can be a source of water for the hydroponic production of lettuce, although production losses increased with salinity (6 to 8% per unit of electrical conductivity), reaching 28-35% for the...

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R E S U M OObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais na água de irrigação sob a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.). O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, RN, usando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 24 sementes em cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das concentrações salinas 0,68 (água de abastecimento); 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 dS m -1 , obtidas através da adição de NaCl em água. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, número de folíolos, condutividade elétrica acumulada do substrato, índice de conteúdo de clorofila, massa seca da raiz, do caule, das folhas e total. O aumento da salinidade na água de irrigação interfere negativamente na emergência e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de albízia, sendo recomendado água com concentração salina até 1,5 dS m , which were obtained by the addition of NaCl in water. The evaluated variables were: percentage of emergence of seedling, speed of emergence index, shoot length, root length, number of leaves, accumulated electrical conductivity of the substrate index, chlorophyll content, dry mass of root, stem, leaves and total. The salinity negatively interferes in all parameters assessed in proportion to its increase in irrigation water. With major damage at concentrations above 1.5 dS m -1 , characterizing this species considered as a glycophyte little tolerant to salinity. Palavras-chave:Albizia lebbeck estresse salino tolerância desenvolvimento

Root diseases represent one of the main reasons for yield loss in melon crops, especially root and stem rots caused by pathogens like the fungi Fusarium solani (Fs), Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) and Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), frequently observed in muskmelon either alone or in combination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between the pathogens Fs, Mp and Rs on the incidence and severity of root rot and muskmelon development. Two greenhouse experiments were performed using plastic pots with substrate infested with each pathogenic agent alone or in combination. The second experiment was conducted in the same pots that were used in the first experiment. In the first experiment, the disease incidence was higher for the treatment with Fs alone. In the second experiment, the disease incidence and severity were greater for treatment Fs + Rs than for Fs alone. Macrophomina phaseolina was the most commonly isolated pathogen when applied to the plants in a paired mixed inoculum (Fs + Mp and Mp + Rs) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, Fs was more prevalent than the other studied pathogens. Soil infested with Fs had the lowest fresh weight of muskmelon. The pathogens Fs and Mp were more competitive than Rs.

The ability of plants to adapt to water deficient conditions in soil is directly related to the competitive ability of each species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water deficiency and interspecific competition on the growth components of maize (Zea mays), brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens), and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with eight replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the different competitive arrangements among species (maize + U. decumbens, maize + B. pilosa, maize without competition, U. decumbens without competition, and B. pilosa without competition). The second factor constituted two water regimes (daily irrigation and water deficit). The soil water deficient condition strongly decreased maize plant growth; however, it had little or no effect on the growth of weeds U. decumbens and B. pilosa. Interspecific competition decreased the growth of maize plants and U. decumbens, and intensified the negative effects of water deficiency on these species. Interspecific competition and water deficiency also decreased the N, P, and K content in maize plants, which contributed to the effects on plant growth. U. decumbens was more competitive with maize compared to B. pilosa.