Background: Continuous pandemic caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 has been linked to a hypercoagulable state that causes cerebrovascular complications. The most common cerebrovascular complication is ischemic stroke.Case Presentations: We report six cases of ischemic stroke with COVID-19, age 51-81 years old, consists of four males and two females. The main risk factors are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Brain CT scan showed large vessel ischemic stroke in four patients. The patients were treated with Low Molecular Weighted Heparin followed by dual antiplatelet (aspirin and clopidogrel). The outcome was good recovery with minimal sequelae in four patients and death in two patients.Conclusion: Most of the stroke type in COVID-19 is large vessel disease, with main risk factors of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) followed by dual antiplatelet showed promising clinical improvement.
Latar Belakang: Setelah serangan stroke, penderita umumnya mengalami hemiparesis ekstremitas superior. Keterbatasan gerakan terjadi karena penurunan ROM sendi siku dan abnormalitas tonus otot lengan atas sehingga penderitanya perlu menjalani terapi rehabilitasi. Selain terapi konvensional, kini telah berkembang robotic therapy dalam memperbaiki fungsi motorik. Tujuan: Membuktikan bahwa efek robotic therapy dalam meningkatkan ROM aktif sendi siku dan memperbaiki tonus otot lengan atas pasien stroke iskemik lebih baik daripada efek latihan rehabilitasi konvensional. Metode: Penelitian quasy-experimental dengan desain two group pre-test and post-test terhadap pasien stroke iskemik rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro dan Rumah Sakit William Booth Semarang (n= 18) yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Intervensi berupa pemberian robotic therapy pada kelompok robot dan latihan rehabilitasi konvensional pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak 16 kali. Uji beda data pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok robot dilakukan dengan Uji Wilcoxon. Uji beda data pre-test dan post-test pada kelompok kontrol dilakukan dengan Uji Wilcoxon dan Uji t-berpasangan. Uji beda pre-test dan post-test antar kelompok menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan Uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Kelompok robot mengalami peningkatan ROM yang tidak signifikan (p= 0,593) dan perbaikan tonus otot yang signifikan (p = 0,025). Kelompok kontrol mengalami penurunan ROM yang tidak bermakna (p = 0,980) dan perbaikan tonus otot yang tidak signifikan (p = 0,081). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbaikan signifikan nilai tonus otot lengan atas pasien stroke iskemik sesudah menjalankan latihan dengan exoskeleton robotic hand. Kata Kunci: Stroke, ROM sendi siku, tonus otot, exoskeleton robotic
Pendahuluan: Intelegensi mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir dan memecahkan masalah. Sensasi frisson meningkatkan produksi hormon dopamin, aktivitas dan aliran darah otak. Tujuan studi ini untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan sensasi frisson pada stimulus musik yang dapat meningkatkan performa intelegensi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasy experimental one group pre- and post-test design. Subjek penelitian merupakan mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro (n = 30) yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Stimulasi sensasi frisson berupa musik referensi penelitian sebelumnya berdurasi 15 menit yang didengarkan selama 3 hari. Total lama sensasi frisson diukur menggunakam stopwatch. Performa intelegensi sebelum dan sesudah sensasi frisson diukur menggunakan Ravens Progressive Matrices sehingga diperoleh peningkatan skor. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan regresi linier sederhana.Hasil: Skor pre-test memiliki median 50,50 (30-56) dan skor post-test 54 (33-59) dengan peningkatan skor RPM bermakna (p<0,001). Lama sensasi frisson berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan skor RPM (p<0,001). Hubungan lama sensasi frisson dengan peningkatan skor memiliki persamaan: y = 0.047 + 2,711x.Kesimpulan: Sensasi frisson pada stimulus musik meningkatkan performa intelegensi. Semakin lama sensasi frisson meningkatan performa intelegensi yang lebih signifikan.
Background : Periodontal diseases affect up to 80% of the global population. Periodontitis is a long-term inflammatory disease that affects the soft and hard tissues around the teeth. It may also play a role in the pathogenesis of atheroma formation and is associated with cerebrovascular disease. The Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) is a good marker for detecting early and progressive atherosclerosis. Several hypotheses link chronic infectious diseases, including periodontal tissue disease, to the atherosclerosis process and are risk factors for stroke.Objective : To determine the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the degree of atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke.Methods : This is an analytic observational study with a case-control approach. Subjects were ischemic stroke patients with inclusion criteria. Analyzed the severity of periodontitis with Miller’s Mobility Index (MMI), the degree of progression of atherosclerosis assessed by measuring the CIMT using an ultrasound device or B mode to detect the presence and progression of atherosclerosis.Results : 54 subjects with a mean age were 63,43 ± 7,19 years, and the dominant sex was male. There was a significant relationship between severity of periodontitis ( P : 0,011, OR : 3,425, CI 95% 1,332-8,807) and type of profile lipid triglyceride ( P : 0,027, OR : 6,840, CI 95% 1,242-37,676) to Carotid intima media thickness.Conclusion : There is an association between the severity of periodontitis and the degree of atherosclerosis. Severe periodontitis is related to the increases of CIMT, which is a marker of atherosclerosis, a risk factor for stroke.
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