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Background: Sedentary lifestyle is widely adopted by the society. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with limited physical activity, thereby increasing the risk of diseases, as well as reducing fitness. Fitness is assessed with VO2Max. However, people with sedentary lifestyle are reluctant to exercise, thus the authors want to see whether briskwalking, an easy exercise and HIIT, a short-time exercise can increase VO2Max. Research Method: Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test comparison group design. 60 young adult women were divided into three groups, namely brisk walking, HIIT, and control by using purposive sampling. The brisk walking group did brisk walking and HIIT did HIIT aerobics for six weeks, three times in every week. The control group was not treated. All subjects performed VO2Max pretest and posttest with Cooper test. Result: The VO2Max value for brisk walking and HIIT increased by averages of 9.83±3.93 and 8.84±4.76, while the control decreased by -3.97±4.02 The result from paired t-test and Wilcoxon shows significancy thus indicating a significant difference of VO2 max value before and after the treatments towards the brisk walking, HIIT, and control groups. After the Mann Whitney test is performed, no significant difference is found between brisk walking and HIIT, whereas there is a significant difference between brisk walking and control, and also between HIIT and control. Conclusion: Brisk walking and HIIT can increase VO2Max. However, there was no difference in the increase between brisk walking and HIIT.Key Words: VO2Max, brisk walking, HIIT

Introduction: Covid 19 is a respiratory system disease caused by SARS-COV2. Geriatric patients with Covid-19 equipped with multiple comorbidities and a high vulnerability have high morbidity and mortality rates.Case illustrations: A 75-year-old woman presents with confusion and fever. She was treated in the previous hospital for 7 days, experienced a deterioration of consciousness and had respiratory failure, thus was referred to Kariadi Hospital.She had comorbid hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and grade 2 osteoarthritis genu bilateral. Bodyweight 45kg, height 150cm, BMI 20kg/m2,blood pressure 100/58 mmHg,pulse 110x/minute, Respiratory rate 28x/minute, Temperature 38.5?, 93% oxygen saturation, Frailty Index 0.7, Katz Index G, Norton score 11/20. Leucocytes 9100,Lymphocytes 10%, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio 2.2, Blood Glucose 247mg/dL, CRP 4.41mg/dL, Ferritin 5472.28,D-Dimer >20,000ug/dL, Fibrinogen498 mg/dL, Procalcitonin 0.39, Chest X-ray showed pneumonia infiltrates with cardiomegaly. The RT-PCR swab examination showed positive SARS-Cov-2. Brain CT showed lacunar infarct and aging atrophy cerebral. the patient was admitted to intensive isolation room because of acute respiratory distress syndrome and covid coagulopathy. After clinical improvement, the next problems that must be addressed in isolation rooms are frail, confusion, cerebral syndrome, immobility and grade 1 decubitus.Conclusion: Management of frail geriatric patients with Covid-19 has its challenges because of the high mortality rate. It requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an age-related disease associated with cerebral inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP) possesses antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GMP extract on cerebral inflammation in Wistar rats with T2DM by examining the expression levels of glial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A total of 36 8-10-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and provided a standard diet (normal control; C1), high-fat diet (HFD) with 200 g/kg GMP extract BW/day (GMP control; C2), HFD with streptozotocin-nicotinamide (diabetic control; C3), and HFD with 100 (M1), 200 (M2) or 400 g/kg body weight (BW)/day (M3) GMP extract for Wistar rats with diabetes. GMP extract was administered for 8 weeks after induction of T2DM was confirmed. Glial NF-κB activity was assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and by measuring IL-6 levels, TNF-α levels and SOD activity in the serum using ELISA. BW significantly increased following HFD treatment. After 7 weeks, the BW remained significantly higher compared with the normal control and GMP extract-treated groups, but decreased continuously in the T2DM groups. Glial NF-κB immunoreaction in the hippocampal region was significantly higher in the diabetic Wistar rats compared with the normal control Wistar rats, and 200 g/kg BW/day GMP significantly reduced its activity. The T2DM Wistar rats showed significantly higher expression levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α and lower activity of SOD compared with the normal control Wistar rats. Meanwhile, rats in GMP groups M1, M2 and M3 exhibited significant reductions in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and increases in SOD activity. GMP extract treatment effectively reduced hippocampal NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and increased antioxidant SOD activity. These results suggest that GMP extract prevents cerebral inflammation in T2DM Wistar rats.

ABSTRAK   LATAR BELAKANG: Osteoartritis merupakan penyebab disabilitas keempat di dunia pada tahun 2020. Pembatasan aktifitas fisik yang terjadi pada lansia dengan osteoartritis dapat mempengaruhi aspek sosial-ekonomi lansia sehingga menyebabkan penurunan health-related quality of  life (HRQoL). Selain osteoartritis studi terbaru menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara riwayat hipertensi, diabetes, dan dukungan keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup lansia. TUJUAN: Menganalisis hubungan faktor fisik,  penyakit komorbid, dan faktor psikis terhadap kualitas hidup lansia dengan osteoartritis lutut. METODE: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah penderita OA lutut yang menjalani terapi di Rumah Sakit William Booth Semarang dan Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 61 responden dipilih melalui consecutive sampling. Uji analisis dilakukan dengan metode Chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan nilai p dianggap bermakna apabila p<0.05. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner karaktersitik demografi, VAS, family APGAR, dan OPQOL-35. HASIL: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada penilaian tingkat nyeri dan fungsi keluarga terhadap kualitas hidup lansia dengan OA lutut (p=0.003 dan p=0,042). Penilaian faktor fisik lainnya yang terdiri atas jenis kelamin (p=0.637), lama sakit (p=0.2), dan derajat radiologi (p=0.532) serta faktor komorbid yang terdiri atas hipertensi (p=0.37) dan diabetes (p=0.663) menujukkan hubungan yang yang tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup lansia dengan OA lutut. Faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia dengan OA lutut adalah tingkat nyeri (p=0.022) dengan nilai OR= 14.1. SIMPULAN: Faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia dengan OA lutut adalah tingkat nyeri dan fungsi keluarga.   Kunci: OA lutut, Kualitas Hidup, Lansia