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The organization of the ship was connected to the organization of the board, according to the type of ship. It concerned the crew's composition, the division of roles and responsibilities, the recruitments procedures and orders. The employment relationship was peculiar, governed by a specific regulation. There was a separation of duties and therefore there were different contracts of recruitment for the crew members. As to the ship, the roles of magister navis were different from the one of the crew, since the former signed a contract comparable to modern self-employment contracts and the latter signed a contract of subordinate employment similar to modern contracts. The paper examines, through the analysis of sources and of literature, the organization of the merchant ship and the recruitments procedures.

In the European context, culture has a key role in sustainable development strategies. Within the framework of the UNESCO Culture 2030 Agenda, new cultural approaches support sustainable policies by affecting individual and collective behavior towards interpreting sustainability as a ‘common good’. This paper aims to define innovative sustainability strategies from the perspectives of younger generations, in order to understand the transformative potential of new cultural approaches to sustainability and common goods in achieving the Agenda 2030 goals. The ‘Green Blue Youth Vision 2030’ approach analyses the different multidimensional components of possible innovative cultural alternatives by emphasizing the potential of the proposals from young people. The initial results consist of defining “Green Blue Youth Vision 2030” proposals collected during the co-design roundtables, and analyzing key results from a survey on the direct and potential beneficiaries of the Green Blue Days project in Southern Italy. In conclusion, the research allows for preliminary reflections on the definition, by the new generations, of a new way of understanding sustainability as a common good, oriented towards overcoming cultural, economic, environmental, and social conflicts to stimulate circular urban regeneration in Southern Italy.

In the famous passage of D. 4.9.3.1, Ulpiano reported and commented on the headingpraetorium of the Edict that regulated the failure to return things entrusted to nautae, cauponesand stabularii. He highlighted the issue of the scope of the action honorary ex recepto respect tocivil actions (locati-conducti), to assure the integrity of the thing received in the case of maritimetransport. The same Ulpiano, continuing, recalled an innovation proposal and obtained in theAugustan age by Labeo, which consists of a exceptio in factum, such as to relieve the shipownerfrom the risk of deterioration of the thing in case of naufragium and vis piratarum.The ‘readings’ of the passage have been numerous and often divergent. This seems to justifya review, which, based on abundant and perspicuous readings that interpreters of the text haveprovided, intended to further deepen the fragment D. 4.9.3.1, both in its content (initial andsuccessive, until Justinian) as the inside thoughts and work of Ulpiano.