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Introduction Pertussis is an important public health problem worldwide, especially in infants. An increase in the incidence in many countries occurred after 2010, including Brazil. In 2013, dTpa vaccine was introduced in the Brazil national immunization schedule of pregnant women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the national trends in the incidence of pertussis in Brazil in children under 1 year old, and the impact of the introduction of dTpa vaccine during pregnancy. Methods The incidence of hospitalizations and non-hospitalized confirmed cases of pertussis in neonates (< 1 month age) and young infants (1 month-< 1 year age) were analyzed, comparing the incidence in pre maternal vaccination (2011-2013) with the post-vaccination (2015-2017). We used non-respiratory hospitalizations as comparison, during the same period. A database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS) was used to analyze cases from 2007 to 2017 and the subsets of 2011-2013 and 2015-2017, after Pertussis resurgence. The vaccination data was accessed through the link of the Information System of the National Immunization Program (pni.datasus.gov.br). Results Between 2007 and 2017, 17,818 children under one year of age were hospitalized due to pertussis in Brazil. In the pre maternal vaccination period 2011-2013, the mean annual incidence of non-hospitalized confirmed cases of pertussis in children under 1 month was 722.2 / 100,000 and in the period of 2015-2017 the average was 377.3 / 100,000, representing a decrease of 47.7% [IRR 0.52 (0.46-0.59)]. At those periods of time, the average incidence per year for children of one month-< 1 year aged was 64.9 / 100,000 (2011-2013) and 29.3 / 100,000 (2015-2017) [IRR 0.45 (CI 0.29-0.69)].

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A condição sorológica das crianças HIV/aids resulta em demandas de necessidade especial de saúde, como o seguimento ambulatorial de crescimento e desenvolvimento, clínico e terapêutico. Objetivo: descrever a experiência de acompanhamento multidisciplinar dessas crianças e seus familiares/cuidadores. Metodologia: as ações estão organizadas em dois projetos de extensão no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/RS. Um envolve as crianças em atividades lúdicas e o outro os seus familiares/cuidadores em encontros grupais dialógicos. As ações têm a educação em saúde como eixo transversal. Conclusão: o espaço lúdico promove a interação entre as crianças e a construção de uma imagem hospitalar acolhedora. O espaço dialógico media o cuidado profissional no hospital e as especificidades do cuidado familiar no domicílio, possibilitando o compartilhar de vivências, necessidades e dúvidas. Essas ações de extensão contribuem na assistência, no ensino e na pesquisa, promovendo melhor adesão ao tratamento, menores índices de morbimortalidade, formação e qualificação dos profissionais para o cuidado e a investigação em saúde. Palavras-Chave: Saúde da criança, enfermagem materno-infantil, síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, educação em saúde

In the post-appendectomy period, the use of hypotonic solution (30 mEq/L, 0.18%) did not increase the risk of hyponatremia when compared to isotonic saline. The use of isotonic solution (150 mEq/L, 0.9%) did not favor hypernatremia in these patients. Children who received hypotonic solution showed higher cumulative fluid balance in the preoperative period.