Culto y culturas en la cueva de Gorham (Gibraltar): La historia del santuario y sus materiales inscritos 1 resumeNEl artículo presenta un nuevo estado de la cuestión arqueológico sobre el santuario protohistórico de la Cueva de Gorham (Gibraltar) a la luz de los resultados de las recientes campañas de excavación y estudia los materiales cerámicos con inscripciones u otro tipo de marcas hallados en la cueva. El catálogo incluye un nuevo grafito fenicio y una inscripción greco-ibérica que se relacionan con las ofrendas depositadas en el lugar desde época arcaica hasta el periodo helenístico. AbstrAct This paper presents an updated overview of the ongoing archaeological research carried out in the Protohistoric sanctuary of Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar). It is based on the results of recent excavations, focusing on incised pottery with inscriptions or other marks. The catalogue of inscriptions includes both Phoenician and Graeco-Iberian examples,which could be related with the deposition of votive offerings from Archaic to Hellenistic periods.
Resumen: Estudiamos en este trabajo aspectos tipológicos, funcionales y cronológicos de una serie de elementos cerámicos de morfología prismática o semilunar tradicionalmente asociados a tareas alfareras, empleados fundamentalmente como soportes o separadores. Aunque conocidos en la bibliografía hispana con anterioridad, se trata de una categoría de enorme interés para el análisis histórico pero que hasta el momento, había recibido una atención reducida, por lo que ahora planteamos una sistematización de su evolución morfológica, una aproximación diacrónica a su dispersión peninsular y también aportamos algunas consideraciones sobre la relación de estos prismas con otros procesos de transferencia tecnológica entre los colonos fenicios y las sociedades indí-genas de Iberia. Como complemento a este análisis de la evidencia peninsular, se realiza una contextualización a escala mediterránea del uso de elementos auxiliares en los talleres alfareros antiguos, intentando rastrear así los orígenes de los prismas peninsulares. Palabras clave: Útiles de alfarero, producción cerámica, Iberia, Fenicios, tecnología, prismas Abstract: Typological, functional and chronological issues of ceramic kiln furniture with prismatic and «crescent shaped» morphologies (traditionally associated with pottery production mainly as supports or spacers) are studied in this paper. Although known in regional foregoing historiography, this ceramic tools so far have received limited attention but are considered really interesting for historical analysis, so a first systematization of their morphological evolution and a diachronic approach to their diffusion in Iberian peninsula is proposed. Also we make some considerations about the relationship of these stilts with other technology-transfer processes between phoenician-punic settlers and indigenous societies in ancient Iberia. To complement this analysis of the archaeological evidence of Iberian sites we finally expose a contextualization of the finds in the Mediterranean focusing attention on the use of auxiliary equipment in ancient pottery workshops, trying to trace the origins of this kind of kiln furniture found in Iberian peninsula.
RESUMEN:Las excavaciones en la Cueva de Bray en Gibraltar han documentado una serie de enterramientos de la Edad de Bronce, esto supone una nueva aportación al conocimiento de la ocupación prehistórica del Peñón de Gibraltar y se convierte en una referencia regional para el estudio de los rituales funerarios de este período. Palabras clave: Edad del Bronce, ritual colectivo, Cueva de Bray, Gibraltar. ABSTRACT:The excavations in Bray´s Cave, Gibraltar, have produced Bronze Age burials. This has added to the knowledge of the prehistoric occupation of the Rock of Gibraltar and becomes a regional reference for the study of funerary rituals of this period.
Here we report the discovery of ceramic fragments that form part of a Gorgoneion, a ceramic image representation of the Gorgon Medusa. The fragments were found in a deep part of Gorham’s Cave, well known to ancient mariners as a natural shrine, between the 8th and 2nd century BCE. We discuss the context of this discovery, both within the inner topography of the cave itself, and also the broader geographical context. The discovery is situated at the extreme western end of the Mediterranean Sea, where it meets the Atlantic Ocean. The location was known to ancient mariners as the northern Pillar of Herakles, which marked the end of the known world. We relate the discovery, and its geographical and chronological context, to Greek legends that situated the lair of the Gorgon sisters at a location which coincides with the physical attributes and geographical position of Gorham’s Cave. We thus provide, uniquely, a geographical and archaeological context to the myth of Perseus and the slaying of the Gorgon Medusa.
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