SUMMARYThis study reports on the occurrence of enteroparasites based on data from an ethnographic study of food handlers in the city of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. Fecal material from 343 food handlers of both sexes, between 14 and 75 years of age, was analyzed using Lutz, modified Ritchie and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Ethnographic relationships were investigated by means of specific questionnaires. Positive fecal samples were found for 131 (38.2%) handlers. Endolimax nana (67.9%) was the predominant species, followed by Entamoeba coli (35.9%), Blastocystis hominis (28.2%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (10.1%) and Giardia duodenalis (8.4%). Protozoan infections were more common than helminth infections (p = 0.00). The positive results for some parasites were associated with the male sex, professional category, and the performance of other activities (p ≤ 0.05). The high overall occurrence of enteroparasites found indicates improper hygiene and sanitation conditions. Effective educational measures should be implemented to prevent the transfer of pathogenic organisms to food via handling.

RESUMO.Este estudo indica a presença de enteroparasitos em material fecal e subungueal de 343 manipuladores de alimentos de Cascavel, Estado do Paraná, Brasil, de ambos os gêneros e com idade entre 14 e 75 anos. O material fecal foi analisado pelos métodos de Lutz, Ritchie modificado e Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e o subungueal, pelo Ritchie. O material fecal foi positivo para 131 (38,2%) manipuladores. As espécies mais prevalentes foram Endolimax nana (67,9%), Entamoeba coli (35,9%), Blastocystis sp. (28,2%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (10,1%) e Giardia duodenalis (8,4%), e E. nana foi diferente (p = 0,00) em relação às demais. A infecção por protozoários foi maior do que por helmintos (p = 0,00). Foi verificada associação entre a positividade para algum parasito e o gênero masculino e a categoria ocupacional (p ≤ 0,05). O material subungueal foi positivo em 17 indivíduos (5,0%), com encontro de E. nana (2,9%), E. coli (1,2%), G. duodenalis (0,3%) e a associação de E. nana e E. coli (0,6%), não havendo convergência com o material fecal (p = 0,00). A ocorrência de enteroparasitos nos manipuladores de alimentos de Cascavel, Estado do Paraná é alta, indicando condições higiênicas inadequadas e a necessidade de medidas educativas rígidas, para se evitar que agentes patogênicos para o homem sejam propagados para os alimentos pela manipulação.Palavras-chave: enteroparasitos, material fecal, material subungueal, manipuladores de alimentos, Sul do Brasil.ABSTRACT. Enteroparasites in fecal and subungual matter from food handlers, Parana State, Brazil. This study shows the presence de enteroparasites in fecal and subungual material of 343 food handlers in the city of Cascavel, Paraná State, Brazil, from both genders and ages between 14 and 75 years. Fecal samples were analyzed using Lutz, modified Ritchie and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques, and subungual material was analyzed using the Ritchie method. Fecal samples were positive in 131 (38.2%) handlers. Species with highest prevalence were Endolimax nana (67.9%), Entamoeba coli (35.9%), Blastocystis sp. (28.2%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (10.1%) and Giardia duodenalis (8.4%), with E. nana being significantly different (p = 0.00) from the others. The infection by protozoa was greater than by helminths (p = 0.00). Association was observed between the positive results for some parasites and the male gender and professional category (p ≤ 0.05). The subungual material was positive in 17 individuals (5.0%), who had E. nana (2.9%), E. coli (1.2%), G. duodenalis (0.3%) and the association of E. nana and E. coli (0.6%), with no convergence observed between it and fecal material. The occurrence of enteroparasites in food handlers in Cascavel is high, indicating improper hygienic-sanitary conditions and the need for effective educational measures, to avoid the propagation of pathogenic organisms to food by manipulation.

RESUMOO objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii e sua associação com preditores em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Estudo transversal realizado com pacientes infectados pelo HIV, atendidos em um centro de referência no Sul do Brasil, entre 2005 a 2014. A soroprevalência de T. gondii foi 57,90%, sendo significativamente maior em pacientes pertencentes às faixas etárias de 30-49 anos (Odds Ratio (OR) 5,2; 95% IC 1,57-17,10; p=0,007) e ≥ 50 anos (OR 4,1; 95% IC 1,22-13,77; p=0,02), sexo feminino (OR 3,3;95% IC 1,33-7,32; p<0,0001) e com ≤ 8 anos de educação (OR 2,2; IC 95% 1,62-2,93; p<0,0001). Pacientes solteiros e com tempo de diagnóstico do HIV ≤ 1 ano possuíam fator de proteção (OR 0,5; 95% IC 0,99; p=0,04) e (OR 0,5; IC 0,73; p<0,0001)

Sixteen cows with urolithiasis showed higher serum urea nitrogen (SUN) values (mean, 43.1 mg/dl) than 42 unhealthy cattle (mean, 18.5 mg/dl). Generally, high SUN values and liver disturbances were seen in both groups of cows. Calculi were found in the urethrae of all the 16 cows and in the bladder in 15 cows. Urocystitis was seen in 8 cows. Six cows