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The Roman high- (RHA-I) and low-avoidance (RLA-I) rat strains are bi-directionally bred for their good versus non-acquisition of two-way active avoidance, respectively. They have recently been re-derived through embryo transfer (ET) to Sprague-Dawley females to generate specific pathogen free (SPF) RHA-I/RLA-I rats. Offspring were phenotyped at generations 1 (G1, born from Sprague-Dawley females), 3 and 5 (G3 and G5, born from RHA-I and RLA-I from G2-G4, respectively), and compared with generation 60 from our non-SPF colony. Phenotyping included two-way avoidance acquisition, context-conditioned fear, open-field behaviour, novelty-seeking, baseline startle, pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) and stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. Post-ET between-strain differences in avoidance acquisition, context-conditioned freezing and novelty-induced self-grooming are conserved. Other behavioural traits (i.e. hole-board head-dipping, novel object exploration, open-field activity, startle, PPI) differentiate the strains at G3-G5 but not at G1, suggesting that the pre-/post-natal environment may have influenced these co-segregated traits at G1, though further selection pressure along the subsequent generations (G1-G5) rescues the typical strain-related differences.

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En el imaginario burgués de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, el hogar se construye como el espacio femenino por antonomasia en donde la mujer decente permanece protegida de los cambios económicos y sociales acontecidos en la esfera pública. Debido a tal división espacial, numerosas obras literarias de la época enfatizan la idea de la mujer de clase media confinada e infeliz en el espacio doméstico. Este ensayo demuestra cómo la novela , de Benito Pérez Galdós, y los cuentos de Emilia Pardo Bazán “El mundo” y “Casi artista” (1908) ofrecen una alternativa a esta percepción burguesa del hogar y de la mujer, mediante la representación de criadas, amas de llaves y modistas, cuyos trabajos se desempeñan principalmente dentro del espacio doméstico. La configuración del hogar como lugar de trabajo remunerado en los textos de Pérez Galdós y Pardo Bazán desmonta las ideologías tradicionales que ignoran la permeabilidad del espacio doméstico al capitalismo, a las estructuras de poder y a las construcciones no hegemónicas de espacio e identidad sexual.