Omeprazole (OME) is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, long-term use of OME can increase the risk of gastric cancer. We aimed to characterize the pharmacological effects of OME and to correlate its adverse effects and toxicogenetic risks to the genomic instability mechanisms and cancer-based on database reports. Thus, a search (till Aug 2019) was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with relevant keywords. Based on the study objective, we included 80 clinical reports, forty-six in vitro, and 76 in vivo studies. While controversial, the findings suggest that long-term use of OME (5 to 40 mg/kg) can induce genomic instability. On the other hand, OME-mediated protective effects are well reported and related to proton pump blockade and anti-inflammatory activity through an increase in gastric flow, anti-inflammatory markers (COX-2 and interleukins) and antiapoptotic markers (caspases and BCL-2), glycoprotein expression, and neutrophil infiltration reduction. The reported adverse and toxic effects, especially in clinical studies, were atrophic gastritis, cobalamin deficiencies, homeostasis disorders, polyp development, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. This study highlights that OME may induce genomic instability and increase the risk of certain types of cancer. Therefore, adequate precautions should be taken, especially in its long-term therapeutic strategies and self-medication practices.
Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade moduladora do suco de caju e cajuína diante dos efeitos toxicogenéticos do paracetamol, utilizando o sistema teste vegetal Allium cepa. Métodos: Grupos de tratamentos: Controle Negativo (água destilada - AD); Grupo 2 (10 ml de suco de caju + 30 ml AD), Grupo 3 (10 ml de cajuína + 30 ml AD); Grupo 4 (10 ml de suco de caju + 30 ml de CP); Grupo 5 (10 ml de cajuína diluído com 30 ml de CP); e Controle Positivo (40ml de paracetamol 0,3mg/ml - CP). Utilizados cinco bulbos por tratamento, enraizadas, e transferida para suas respectivas soluções. As radículas foram coletadas e fixadas em ácido acético (3:1) após os tempos de 24 e 48 horas de exposição. As lâminas foram coradas com orceína acética a 2%. Resultados: Sugere-se que compostos bioativos estejam presentes no suco de caju e sua derivação cajuína, possuindo capacidade de inibir a formação de alterações mutagênicas, causadas pelo fármaco utilizado durante o estudo, a partir da observação do aumento do Índice Mitótico e redução das Alterações Cromossômicas. Conclusão: Os dados encontrados mostraram que o suco de caju e cajuína modularam os efeitos toxicogenéticos do paracetamol, interferindo na mutagênese induzida pelo fármaco.
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