Coeficientes de cultura do feijão caupi na região Litorânea do Ceará  Maria do Socorro Medeiros de Souza1; Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra1;  Elizita Maria Teófilo21Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola/CCA/Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, msmsousa@hotmail.com 2Departamento de Fitotecnia/CCA/ Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE  1 RESUMO A evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultura do feijão caupi cultivar Setentão foram estimados através de um conjunto de lisímetros de drenagem na região de Fortaleza, CE. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Laboratório de Hidráulica e Irrigação/DENA/UFC. A evapotranspiração de referência ETo foi estimada pelos métodos Penman-Monteith FAO e tanque Classe A. Os dados mostraram que a evapotranspiração do caupi foi crescente em quase todo o ciclo da cultura, alcançando um valor máximo no estádio de floração. A lâmina total de água aplicada, aos 69 dias de estudo, foi de 447,2 mm e a evapotranspiração acumulada de 337,4 mm. Os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,42 a 1,52 e dependeram do método de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência, embora tenham apresentado a mesma tendência de variação ao longo do ciclo, independente do método de estimativa de ETo, a qual variou de 3,71 a 5,79 mm dia-1 para o tanque Classe A e de 4,83 a 6,30 mm dia-1 para Penman-Monteith FAO. UNITERMOS: Vigna ungüiculata L., Balanço hídrico, lisímetro de drenagem, Penman-Monteith FAO.  Souza, M. do S. M. de; Bezerra, F. M. L.; Teófilo, E. M.  Coefficients of COWPEA BEAN culture in the COASTAL AREA of CEARÁ  2 ABSTRACT Evapotranspiration and the coefficients for cultivar Setentão of cowpea bean culture were estimated through a group of drainage lysimeters in the region of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the laboratory of Hydraulics and Irrigation, DENA, UFC. Reference evapotranspiration  (ETo) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith FAO method and a Class A pan. Data showed that the cowpea bean evapotranspiration increased during almost all the culture cycle and reached the maximum value in the blossoming stage. The total applied water sheet, at 69 days of the experiment, was 447.2 mm and accumulated evapotranspiration was 337.4mm. Culture coefficient values have ranged from 0.42 to 1.52 and depended on the reference evapotranspiration estimate methods, although they presented the same variation tendency throughout the cycle, independently of the ETo estimate methods. ETo ranged from 3.71 to 5.79 mm day-1 for the Class A pan and from 4.83 to 6.30 mm day-1 for Penman-Monteith FAO method. Keywords: Vigna ungüiculada L., water balance, drainage lysimeter, reference evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith FAO.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes estruturas de variâncias residuais, na estimação dos componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos de características de crescimento de caprinos. A função de regressão por meio de polinômios ortogonais de Legendre de ordem quatro foi usada para modelar a trajetória média de crescimento animal, e de ordem três, para modelar os efeitos genéticos aditivos direto e materno e de ambiente permanente. Diferentes estruturas de variâncias residuais foram consideradas, por meio de classes de uma a sete variâncias residuais, e funções de variâncias com uso dos polinômios ordinários e de Legendre, com ordens que variaram de linear até a do quarto grau. Os modelos foram comparados pelo teste de razão de verossimilhança, o critério de informação de Akaike e o critério bayesiano de Schwarz. Os modelos com funções de variâncias residuais foram superiores aos de classes de variância. O polinômio ordinário de terceira ordem apresentou melhores resultados. Os parâmetros genéticos são infl uenciados pelo ajuste da variância residual, no entanto, os estimados pelos modelos que consideraram classes de variância, polinômio ordinário e polinômio de Legendre, de terceira ordem, são semelhantes. Termos para indexação: função de covariância, parâmetro genético, polinômio de Legendre, polinômio ordinário. Homogeneity and heterogeneity of residual variance in random regression models on growth trajectory of Nubian goatsAbstract -The objective of this work was to compare random regression models with different structures of residual variances, in the estimate of covariance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in goats. Regression functions using Legendre orthogonal polynomials of the fourth order were used for modeling animal growth trajectory, and polynomial of third order for modeling direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and permanent environmental effect. Different residual variance structures were considered using alternatively step functions (from one to seven different classes of residual variances) or variance functions using ordinary and Legendre polynomials, with orders of fi t from the fi rst to fourth order. Models were compared by likelihood ratio test, Akaike's information criterion and Schwarz's bayesian criterion. Models including residual variance functions showed better results than those including classes of variance. The ordinary polynomial of third order showed better results than the other models. Genetic parameters are affected by different residual variance structures in the models, however, genetic parameters estimates using four classes of residual variance, ordinary polynomial and Legendre polynomial of third order are similar. Index terms: covariance function, genetic parameter, Legendre polynomial, ordinary polynomial. IntroduçãoA utilização de metodologias que possam estimar os parâmetros genéticos dos animais, de forma mais acurada, pode contribuir para o aumento dos ganhos genéticos obtidos c...

-It was used 4,313 weight records from birth to 196 days of age from 946 Anglo-nubiana breed goats, progenies from 43 sires and 279 dams, controlled in the period from 1980 to 2005, with the objective of estimating covariance functions and genetic parameters of animals by using random regression models. It was evaluated 12 random regression models, with degrees ranging from 1 to 7 for direct additive genetic and maternal and animal permanent environment effect and residual variance adjusted by using animal age ordinary polynomial of third order. Models were compared by using likelihood ratio test and by Bayesian information criterion of Schwarz and Akaike information criterion. The model selected based on Bayesian information criterion was the one that considered the maternal and direct additive genetic effect adjusted by a quadratic polynomial and the animal permanent environmental effect adjusted by a cubic polynomial (M334). Heritability estimates for direct effect were lower in the beginning and at the end of the studied period and maternal heritability estimates were higher at 196 days of age in comparison to the other growth phases. Genetic correlation ranged from moderate to high and they decreased as the distance between ages increased. Higher efficiency in selection for weight can be obtained by considering weights close to weaning, which is a period when the highest estimates of genetic variance and heritability are obtained.

The feeling of thermal comfort is associated with the rhythm of heat exchange between the human body and the environment, occurs in different types of spaces and caused by various parameters that influence temperature, such as constructions, climatic factors and the presence of vegetation, which can make environments inadequate or not to be (Carfan et al., 2010).