The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain productivity and adaptability indicators of various varieties of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil. We studied 8 varieties of lupine of domestic selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Novozybkovskaya SHOS; neighboring countries - Belarus and foreign selection (Germany), as well as the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS for 2016–2020. The adaptability of variety samples was comprehensively tested in terms of environmental stability and plasticity, using the criterion of "yield". Changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research made it possible to objectively assess the variation in the productivity of lupine by grain. For five years of testing, the grain yield varied from 6.4 c/ha Vladko (Belarus) to 11.8 c/ha, Novozybkovsky 100 (Novozybkovskaya SHOS). On average, changes in the productivity of varieties of VNII lupine from 9.7 to 11.3 c/ha, Novozybkovskaya SHOS – 10.7–11.8 c/ha, Belarusian breeding – 6.4–9.1 c/ha, foreign – 8.3–8.7 q/ha. Samples 5-10-84 (13.2 c/ha), 1-08-7-75 and 2-13-33 (12.7 c/ha) and 7-13-65 (12,5 q/ha). According to the set of indicators of adaptability, the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Nadezhny and Bulat turned out to be the best among the varieties; Belarusian selection Kastrychnik; Novozybkovskoy SHOS – Druzhny 165 and Novozybkovsky 100. From the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS promising numbers 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 4-12-302, 2-13-33, which have genetic flexibility, adaptability and stability in conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils of the South-West of the Bryansk region.

Modern composition of diploid winter rye is represented mainly by hybrid varieties, and in spite of high productivity level, good baking qualities of flour, resistance to diseases and lodging, most of them are split according to plant height, which leads to uneven crops. A long-term study of the material selected for seed production has shown that plants of the same height of the spike-bearing stem differ in length of internodes. The length of the upper internode varies most considerably from 20 to 45 cm, and selection of plants with lower parameters of this feature leads to a decrease of the overall plant growth and increases resistance to lodging. Research work was carried out at Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Experimental Station - a branch of the Federal Research Center “Federal Scientific Center of Feed Production and Agroecology named after V.R. Williams “ in 2012-2019; Novozybkovskaya 150 winter rye variety was under study. The presence of the source of dominant short-stemming (k-10028) in the synthetic population of the initial material made it possible to carry out multiple selections with an intensity of 2 b according to the planned traits. The method of annual sequential exclusion of plants with a height of more than 120 cm, with a lower internode length of 5-7 cm and an upper one over 35 cm from the seed material formed a fairly constant form of a short-stemmed (up to 120 cm) population with a lower internode of 1-4 cm - 97%, with the upper - up to 30 cm - 50%. Family material combined according to the height of the stem showed high resistance of this trait in seed-plot testing. A long-term cycle of targeted individual selection for short stems increased the number of productive stems to 16 pcs. with grain mass of 2.0-3.0 g per ear. Self-pollination reduced the number of spike-bearing stems to 3-6 pcs., the weight of grain per spike was 2.6-3.5 g. The combination of short stemming, increased bushiness, and different types of spike gives a variety of material and is of great interest for winter rye selection

To successfully solve the problem of vegetable protein deficiency in animal feeding and preserve soil fertility, the need for expanding the sown area under yellow lupine has been established. The results of competitive testing of varieties and varieties of yellow lupine on sandy and sandy loamy soils according to the parameters of the structural analysis of plants, resistance to diseases and grain productivity are presented. Breeding variety samples 4-12-302, 3-12-182, 5-10-84, 1-08-7-75 were obtained, with an average yield of 14.7-16.5 kg/ha, which is higher than the average standard by 2, 0-3.8 kg/ha. The grades and varieties of yellow lupine are evaluated for their resistance to anthracnose in the field. The correlation coefficients between productivity and weather conditions were calculated in the years of research, which to a greater extent (60%) affect the structural elements and productivity.