The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain productivity and adaptability indicators of various varieties of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil. We studied 8 varieties of lupine of domestic selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Novozybkovskaya SHOS; neighboring countries - Belarus and foreign selection (Germany), as well as the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS for 2016–2020. The adaptability of variety samples was comprehensively tested in terms of environmental stability and plasticity, using the criterion of "yield". Changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research made it possible to objectively assess the variation in the productivity of lupine by grain. For five years of testing, the grain yield varied from 6.4 c/ha Vladko (Belarus) to 11.8 c/ha, Novozybkovsky 100 (Novozybkovskaya SHOS). On average, changes in the productivity of varieties of VNII lupine from 9.7 to 11.3 c/ha, Novozybkovskaya SHOS – 10.7–11.8 c/ha, Belarusian breeding – 6.4–9.1 c/ha, foreign – 8.3–8.7 q/ha. Samples 5-10-84 (13.2 c/ha), 1-08-7-75 and 2-13-33 (12.7 c/ha) and 7-13-65 (12,5 q/ha). According to the set of indicators of adaptability, the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Nadezhny and Bulat turned out to be the best among the varieties; Belarusian selection Kastrychnik; Novozybkovskoy SHOS – Druzhny 165 and Novozybkovsky 100. From the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS promising numbers 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 4-12-302, 2-13-33, which have genetic flexibility, adaptability and stability in conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils of the South-West of the Bryansk region.

To successfully solve the problem of vegetable protein deficiency in animal feeding and preserve soil fertility, the need for expanding the sown area under yellow lupine has been established. The results of competitive testing of varieties and varieties of yellow lupine on sandy and sandy loamy soils according to the parameters of the structural analysis of plants, resistance to diseases and grain productivity are presented. Breeding variety samples 4-12-302, 3-12-182, 5-10-84, 1-08-7-75 were obtained, with an average yield of 14.7-16.5 kg/ha, which is higher than the average standard by 2, 0-3.8 kg/ha. The grades and varieties of yellow lupine are evaluated for their resistance to anthracnose in the field. The correlation coefficients between productivity and weather conditions were calculated in the years of research, which to a greater extent (60%) affect the structural elements and productivity.

The article presents the results of studies on the creation of a variety of lupine Antey, resistant to anthracnose intended for sod-podzolic sandy and sandy soils. The initial forms, which are distinguished by the average resistance to the disease, were selected in 2009 in the field in the absence of an anthracnosis infectious background in the hybrid nursery F1. The most stable combination of 1-08 turned out to be the most stable. In the period 2010–2012 the assessment and selection of the most resistant to anthracnosis of forms. In 2012, number 1-08-75 was allocated, which after a competitive variety test in 2019 was transferred to the state variety test, and in 2021 it was registered in the state register of protected breeding achievements as a variety of yellow Lupine Antey. The variety is universal, used as green food, silos, hay and grain. Over the years of research, the Antey variety formed from 45 to 52 t/ha of green mass, 1.5–2.0 t/ha of grain. The protein content in green mass and in grain compiled 42–44 and 18–19 %, alkaloids — 0.04 and 0.03 %. The length of the vegetation pies is 96–98 days, the mass of 1000 seeds is 100–120 g, the height of the herb is 70–80 cm, it is treated with good lateral branching (5–7 lateral branches, including 3–4 fruiting). The variety is resistant to fusariosis, anthracnose, especially to the formation of superficial and perforated necrotic ulcers on beans.

In the 90s of the last century, in the breeding nurseries of the Novozybkov Agricultural Experimental Station, samples with a relatively low concentration of cesium-137 in the seeds and green mass of yellow lupine were selected: 4-83, SN-1408, 52-87-2113, variety Kastrychnik, etc. They were involved in hybrid combinations and received numbers 1-00-2-9, 1-02 and 10-04, 7-09, 8-12, which have been repeatedly used as parental forms in crosses in recent years. Studies have shown the possibility of obtaining positive results in blocking the accumulation of cesium-137 at the early stages of the breeding process, which contributes to the preservation of valuable material for further study during hybridization and the creation of yellow lupine varieties with the lowest possible content of 137Cs in the final product. For 2018–2019 varieties of hybrid origin of yellow lupine with a consistently low accumulation of cesium-137 in the grain were identified, regardless of the density of soil pollution: 5-14-11 (112 and 243 Bq/kg), 5-12-92 (206 and 221 Bq/kg), 13-10-96 (270 and 243 Bq/kg), 15-10-7212 (235 and 271 Bq/kg). Despite the higher density of soil contamination by 13–33% in 2019, in the hybrid material 2-08-57, 4-08-116, 11-10-65 and 12-10-66, the concentration of 137Cs in grain decreased by 63% with indirect participation in crosses of variety samples selected in 1994–1996. In 2020, the analysis of 13 samples showed a significant decrease in the accumulation of cesium-137 in grain to 61–136 Bq/kg, regardless of the decrease (8–34%) or increase (5–46%) in the density of soil contamination relative to 2018–2019, as well as grain yield. Stability in terms of the content of cesium-137 in the green mass was not obtained: in 2018, out of 60 samples, 12 variety samples fit into the standard for dry matter (400 Bq/kg), in 2019 they were absent due to the low yield of green mass. Accessions 5-12-92, 5-14-11, 13-10-96, 4-08-116, etc. were included in crosses as parental forms, and the resulting offspring are being tested in hybrid and breeding nurseries for the purpose of research on blocking the accumulation of 137Cs in yellow lupine grain. It has been established that within three years the lowest radionuclide content in yellow lupine grain was obtained from samples 5-12-92 and 5-14-11, with which seed nurseries for testing offspring will be established.