(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity and stunting among Brazilian adolescents and its associations with social determinants of health (individual, family, and school), grounded on the necessity of investigating the determinants of nutritional problems within this population. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,556 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. Multivariate models of obesity and stunting were estimated from Multilevel Poisson Regressions. (3) Results: The prevalence of obesity among Brazilian adolescents (10.0%; 95% CI: 9.4–10.6) was associated directly with indifference or dissatisfaction with body image, with eating breakfast four or fewer days a week, living with up to four people in the household, studying in private schools, and being from the South region, and was inversely associated with being female, 15 years old or older, with having the highest nutritional risk eating pattern, dining at fast-food restaurants, and eating while watching television or studying. The prevalence of stunting (2.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–2.8) was directly associated with the age of 15 years or older, and inversely associated with the lower number of residents living in the household, maternal education—decreasing gradient from literate to college level education, studying in urban schools, and being from the South and Central-West regions. (4) Conclusions: Obesity in adolescence presented behavioral determinants. Stunting and obesity have structural social determinants related, respectively, to worse and better socioeconomic position among Brazilian adolescents.

Participação ativa na formulação e elaboração do artigo. Desde a coleta dos dados à discussão dos resultados e escrita final; 2 Participação na revisão e aprovação da versão final do trabalho.

A intensificação da Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN) dos adolescentes é fundamental ao aprimoramento da gestão e produção do cuidado desse grupo etário no Brasil. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever processos de tratamento de variáveis do banco de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) e apresentar métodos multivariados que podem ser empregados na produção de informações para VAN de adolescentes do Brasil a partir desse inquérito populacional. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico com base na amostra 2 da PeNSE 2015. As principais contribuições são a descrição de aspectos das PeNSE; considerações sobre a ética da pesquisa com dados secundários; orientações sobre os bancos de microdados e a preparação para análise; o tratamento de variáveis de interesse para VAN - estado nutricional, consumo alimentar (estimativa de padrões e indicadores de sustentabilidade); variáveis compostas relacionadas ao comportamento alimentar de adolescentes; e as técnicas de análises múltiplas com dados categóricos que podem ser empregadas em estudos de associação. Ressalta-se que as ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional de adolescentes no Brasil podem ser qualificadas a partir da intensificação de adequados estudos epidemiológicos com dados das PeNSE.

(1) Background: The present study analyzed the prevalence of dietary and nutritional profiles among Brazilian adolescents and their associations with social determinants of health. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,409 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. A multivariate model of dietary and nutritional profiles was estimated from correspondence analysis. (3) Results: The dietary and nutritional profiles more prevalent among Brazilian adolescents were “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and eutrophic” (42.6%), “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.8%), and “higher nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.0%). Healthier profiles were associated with less urbanized territories, health-promoting behaviors, and families with worse material circumstances. The less healthy profiles were associated with more urbanized environments, health risk behaviors, and families with better material circumstances. (4) Brazilian adolescents have different dietary and nutritional profiles that are characterized by sociopolitical and economic contexts, family material and school circumstances, and the behavioral and psychosocial health factors of the individuals. All of this points to the social determination of these health problems among adolescents in Brazil.

Objective To assess the influence of federal feeding programs on the anthropometric indicators of nutritional status of adolescents from Federal Institutes. Methods Temporal analysis of the anthropometric data of students from the capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (n=250), on admission in 2017 (baseline) and after one year, in 2018 (follow-up). Participation in student assistance programs, sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, and physical activity aspects were evaluated. The Split Plot ANOVA test was used to analyze height-for-age and body mass index-for-age as continuous variables (mean of z-score; variation in the mean of z-score between baseline and follow-up). Prevalence Ratio was used to analyze categorical variables: improvement in height-for-age (increase in z-score value between baseline and follow-up); improvement in body mass index-for-age (change in z-score towards zero between baseline and follow-up). Results There was a reduction in the height-for-age z-score (-0.173 to -0.350; p<0.001; eta=0.195), but this decline was smaller in the participants of both programs (from -0.249 to -0.357) compared to those not assisted by both simultaneously (from -0.149 to -0.345) (p=0.041). The improvement in height-for-age was positively associated with longer daily time spent at school and participation in the food program under the National Student Assistance Program. The improvement in body mass index-for-age was negatively associated with sex and positively with the number of people in the household. Conclusion The concomitant participation in the National School Feeding Program and in the National Student Assistance Program had a positive influence on the linear growth of students in situations of socioeconomic vulnerability.