The aim of this study was to determine the volatile phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the leaves from Croton adipatus, Croton thurifer, and Croton collinus. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using the Clevenger extractor and the phytochemical analysis was determined by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion and colorimetric broth microdilution methods against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Candida albicans ATCC The essential oils from C. adipatus, C. thurifer, and C collinus had 46, 38, and 35 volatile constituents respectively. The main compounds determined in C. adipatus were β-myrcene (18.34%), while in C. collinus was β-caryophyllene (44.7%), and in C. thurifer was an unknown component (C10H16: 22.38%). Essential oil of C. adipatus showed a MIC against B. subtilis (286.4 µg/mL) and C. albicans (572.8 ± 0 µg/mL); C. thurifer against S. aureus (296.1 ± 0 µg/mL) and B. subtilis (148 ± 0 µg/mL); and C. collinus against B. subtilis (72 ± 0 µg/mL) and C. albicans (576.2 ± 0 µg/mL). The three essential oils of Croton species demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial activity against a strain of bacteria or fungi.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the commercially available essential oils of Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilms in vitro, emulating dental plaque conditions. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the main metabolites being Carvone (57.93%) and Limonene (12.91%) for Mentha spicata and 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (65.83%) for Eucalyptus globulus. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using the methods of agar-well diffusion and colorimetric microdilution. The inhibition halos were 18.3 ± 0.47 mm and 27.0 ± 0.82 mm, and the MICs were 1.8484 mg/mL and 1.9168 mg/mL for the EOs of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus, respectively. The activity against the biofilms was evaluated on a substrate of bovine enamel pieces using a basal mucin medium (BMM) in anaerobic conditions with daily sucrose exposition cycles in order to emulate oral cavity conditions. The EOs were applied in a concentration of 0.5% in a sterile saline vehicle with 1% polysorbate 20. After 72 h of cultivation, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.001%) on the biofilm biomass, which was evaluated by its turbidity in suspension and using a count of the recoverable organisms with regards to the control. The effects of the Eos were not significantly distinct from each other. The EOs showed antimicrobial activity against both the Streptococcus mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Thus, EOs may have great potential for the development of pharmaceutical and sanitary products for oral health.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue sintetizar el conocimiento existente referente a la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en teléfonos celulares y en las fosas nasales de estudiantes y trabajadores del sector salud. El método que se empleó fue de enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la revisión sistemática de un total de 496 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 22. Los resultados indican que existe una colonización nasal de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina en una proporción que oscila desde el 1.2% y el 11.1%. Se concluyó que este patógeno está presente en las fosas nasales mediante la infección directa durante el uso de teléfonos celulares en el entorno hospitalario y por la evidente falta de medidas de higiene y bioseguridad.
Las aplicaciones de aceites esenciales que actúan como agentes antimicrobianos se estudian con frecuenciaLas aplicaciones de aceites esenciales que actúan como agentes antimicrobianos se estudian con frecuencia por su capacidad para proteger alimentos contra microorganismos patógenos. Se determinó la actividad antibacteriana mediante la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI), de los aceites esenciales de Minthostachys mollis Griseb. “muña” y Piper carpunya Ruíz & Pav. “pinku”. La “muña” colectada del distrito de San José de Lourdes-Cajamarca; y el “pinku”, del distrito de Camporredondo-Amazonas. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por destilación por arrastre de vapor a partir de las hojas; siendo la densidad de M. mollis 0,886 y de P. carpunya 1,023; mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-MS) se identificaron en “muña” 24 compuestos, siendo los de mayor porcentaje pulegona (40,94%), mentona (32,72%) y limoneno (1,92%); y en “pinku”, 22 compuestos, siendo los de mayor porcentaje el metileugenol (40,49%), safrol (31,24%) e isohomogenol (7,5%). Cada aceite esencial se enfrentaron a microorganismos de interés en la higiene alimentaria: bacterias gram negativas como Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y las bacterias gram positivas como Staphylococcus aureus y Enterococcus faecalis. Los aceites esenciales de M. mollis y P. carpunya exhibieron un amplio espectro de acción antibacteriana tanto para bacterias gram positivas como gram negativas, con una CMI, en M. mollis, para S. aureus 8,86 µg /ml y E. coli 70,88 µg /ml y en P. carpunya, para S. aureus 5,12 µg /ml y E. coli 20,46 µg/ml. Se concluye que los aceites esenciales utilizados en este estudio, en bajas concentraciones, poseen actividad antibacteriana contra las bacterias E. coli y S. aureus.
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