RESUMOO trabalho avaliou a influência da posição da semente no substrato sobre a emergência de plântulas de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum). Após extração e embebição, as sementes foram semeadas obedecendo as seguintes posições: a) 0° -poro germinativo voltado para cima, formando um ângulo de 0º em relação a um eixo imaginário perpendicular ao nível do substrato; b) 45° -poro germinativo inclinado, formando um ângulo de 45º em relação ao eixo imaginário; c) 90° -poro germinativo voltado para o lado, formando um ângulo de 90º em relação ao eixo imaginário. As sementes da posição de 90° apresentaram superioridade na emergência, com 45% de plântulas no estádio "emissão da segunda bainha" e apenas 35% de sementes dormentes, após 270 dias de observação. A emergência é influenciada pela posição de semeadura, sendo que o aumento da profundidade do poro germinativo no substrato proporcionou o aumento da emergência e a diminuição da porcentagem de sementes que permaneceram dormentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVEGerminação, palmeira, dormência. Emergency of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) seedling in function of
The Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses. We investigated the aboveground biomass production (kg dry weight), nutrient uptake and requirements (N, P, Ca, Mg, K) of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different levels. Eight of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem, branches and leaves were separated. Nutrient contents were determined for three trees of varying size. Average tree growth was fast, but variability was high, suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important species. The trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth, probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high demand. In contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations, the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading crowns. To improve stem form, reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients, regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are recommended. These measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg, large quantities of which are contained in the branches.
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