The enormous development of nanomaterials technology and the immediate response of many areas of science, research, and practice to their possible application has led to the publication of thousands of scientific papers, books, and reports. This vast amount of information requires careful classification and order, especially for specifically targeted practical needs. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize to some extent the role of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical research. Summarizing the fundamental properties of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the review’s next focus was to classify research studies related to applying these particles for cancer diagnostics and therapy (similar to photothermal therapy, hyperthermia), in nano theranostics, multimodal therapy. Special attention is paid to research studies dealing with the opportunities of combining different nanomaterials to achieve optimal systems for biomedical application. In this regard, original data about the synthesis and characterization of nanolipidic magnetic hybrid systems are included as an example. The last section of the review is dedicated to the capacities of magnetite-based magnetic nanoparticles for the management of oncological diseases.

COMMUNICATIONS mononuclear fragment [Eq. (2)] should be competitive with dimerization to form [CU,L,]~+. For neocuproine, this is a highly favorable process and is only slightly less propitious for L'. Formation of the 1/2 complex is not so auspicious with L2, presumably because of steric crowding, and there is a serious drop in stability constant for this step. Metallohelicate assembly, following coordination of a second copper(1) center [Eq. (3)], is considerably easier with the more flexible bipyridylbased ligand than with its phenanthroline analogue. In part, this difference can be attributed to the relative capacity for internal rearrangement to provide a suitable binding geometry around the cation. It is during addition of the second copper(1) cation that the real differences emerge between the two multitopic ligands. It appears that L' exhibits positive cooperativity towards copper(1) in that K , < K, < K3 and the overall stability constant for the metallohelicate (lgp, = 26) compares well with the only available published data for a somewhat comparable proc e s~. [ '~] In the case of L2, helicate formation is not driven by positive cooperativity since K2 < K , < K 3 , and the overall stabil-

A 10‐gpm pilot plant was operated for four to five weeks at each of four US water treatment plants to evaluate the effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) process for the removal of disinfection by‐product precursors. Variables examined were resin concentration, contact time, and regeneration frequency. Influent and effluent samples were taken on a regular basis and analyzed for ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 254 nm, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and bromide. Samples of the raw water and the MIEX‐treated water were also subjected to hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractionation, molecular size characterization, and chlorination under uniform formation conditions to determine the trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potential before and after MIEX treatment. Results indicated that the resin removed substantial amounts of DOC and UV‐absorbing materials, except in one of the waters that had a high concentration of total dissolved solids and a low specific UV absorbance. The MIEX resin also removed bromide to some degree, depending on the presence of other competing anions in the raw water. Overall THM and HAA formation was decreased substantially as a result of MIEX treatment.

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