Objective: To assess the perspectives of the first year and second year MBBS students of College, regarding the effectiveness of flipped classroom learning as compared to the traditional mode of teaching. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan, from August to September 2021.Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted on all first and second year MBBS students in College after informed consent. A self-developed questionnaire formulated after a thorough literature search, with 16 questions was given. Quantitative data was collected after ethical approval and was analysed using SPSS version 22. Percentages and mean were calculated for descriptive analysis whereas qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis Results: Out of the 156 responders, 61% students believed that flipped classroom buttressed a better understanding of study objectives, 24% stated that it didn't make much of a difference whereas 15% had a negative response in this respect. The majority (90%) reckoned that learning beforehand fostered better discussions and made the whole learning process much easier. Seventy-five percent believed that it has improved their grades. Although, some students did point out that sometimes meandering through various study sources consumed a lot of their time but overall they held a satisfactory opinion of flipped pedagogy (85%). Conclusion:The students enrolled in the study asserted the usage of flipped classrooms as a likeable and preferable teaching method in medical institutions. Not only it engaged students in active learning and helped them improve their grades but also enabled them to sharpen cognitive and presentation skills, which are the prime objects of undergraduate pedagogy.

The objective of the endeavour was to study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of paediatric patients suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia and understand the issue in the light of available published data on the disease in Pakistan through a systematic analysis of researches. From an analysis of five-year retrospective data on congenital adrenal hyperplasia in patients of paediatric age group from a tertiary care centre in the capital of Pakistan and the available published Pakistani literature on CAH, it was concluded that the resultant deficiency of cortisol, aldosterone, and a rise in adrenal androgens is responsible for the symptomatology observed in the disease. Particularly, the presence of ambiguous genitalia makes the disease a difficult problem to tackle, especially in complex social conditions such as in Pakistan. The country not only lacks statistical data on the disease but also the diagnostic machinery making the problem two fold. It is only through maintaining an efficient disease registry and the introduction of neonatal screening programme that we might start grappling the crux of the issue. Keywords: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Presentation, Challenges, Pakistan.