ResumenLa meta del estudio es doble, adaptar al castellano el Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction-Early Primary (QTI-EP), un instrumento desarrollado en 2013 por Zijlstra, Wubbels, Brekelmans y Koomen para medir las percepciones que los niños y niñas de 6 a 9 años tienen de las relaciones entre el profesorado y el alumnado de un aula, y analizar su influencia en el rendimiento académico. El QTI-EP ha probado tener una estructura factorial dual, dimensiones proximidad y control del profesorado, una fiabilidad aceptable, y validez predictiva sobre el rendimiento académico. El QTI-EP resulta sensible a las respuestas diferenciales de forma que las puntuaciones del alumnado de una clase son más similares entre sí que las puntuaciones entre el alumnado de diferentes aulas. La dimensión proximidad predice tanto la calificación en matemáticas como la calificación compuesta. La dimensión control modera las relaciones entre proximidad y rendimiento.Palabras clave: Relaciones profesorado-alumnado, clima social de aula, ciclo inicial de Educación Primaria, rendimiento académico, proximidad del profesorado, control del profesorado. AbstractThe aim of this study is twofold: to adapt, for a Spanish population, the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction-Early Primary (QTI-EP), an instrument developed in 2013 by Zijlstra, Wubbels, Brekelmans, and Koomen to measure the perceptions of 6-to 9-year-old children on teacher-students relationships; and to analyze the influence of these perceptions on academic achievement. The QTI-EP has been demonstrated to have a dual factor structure -the dimensions of teacher proximity and teacher control-an acceptable reliability, and predictive validity on academic achievement. The QTI-EP is sensitive to children's differential responses so that the scores of students from the same classroom are more similar to each other than to the scores of students from different classrooms. The dimension of proximity predicts both the mathematics mark and the combined mark. The dimension of control moderates the relationship between proximity and academic achievement.

This study examined the social situations that are problematic for peer-rejected students in the first year of elementary school. For this purpose, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the Taxonomy of Problematic Social Situations for Children (TOPS, Dodge et al., 1985) in 169 rejected pupils, identified from a sample of 1457 first-grade students (ages 5–7) enrolled in 62 classrooms of elementary school. For each rejected student, another student of average sociometric status of the same gender was selected at random from the same classroom (naverage = 169). The model for the rejected students showed a good fit, and was also invariant in the group of average students. Four types of situations were identified in which rejected students have significantly more difficulties than average students. They are, in descending order: (a) respect for authority and rules, (b) being disadvantaged, (c) prosocial and empathic behavior, and (d) response to own success. Rejected boys have more problems in situations of prosociability and empathy than girls. The implications concerning the design of specific programs to prevent and reduce early childhood rejection in the classroom are discussed.