Background America’s increasing HIV epidemic among youth suggests the need to identify novel strategies to leverage services and settings where youth at high risk (YAHR) for HIV can be engaged in prevention. Scalable, efficacious, and cost-effective strategies are needed, which support youth during developmental transitions when risks arise. Evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) have typically relied on time-limited, scripted, and manualized protocols that were often delivered with low fidelity and lacked evidence for effectiveness. Objective This study aims to examine efficacy, implementation, and cost-effectiveness of easily mountable and adaptable, technology-based behavioral interventions in the context of an enhanced standard of care and study assessments that implement the guidelines of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine, repeat HIV, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for high-risk youth. Methods Youth aged between 12 and 24 years (n=1500) are being recruited from community-based organizations and clinics serving gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, homeless youth, and postincarcerated youth, with eligibility algorithms weighting African American and Latino youth to reflect disparities in HIV incidence. At baseline and 4-month intervals over 24 months (12 months for lower-risk youth), interviewers monitor uptake of HIV prevention continuum steps (linkage to health care, use of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, condoms, and prevention services) and secondary outcomes of substance use, mental health, and housing security. Assessments include rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, STIs, drugs, and alcohol. The study is powered to detect modest intervention effects among gay or bisexual male and transgender youth with 70% retention. Results The project was funded in September 2016 and enrollment began in May 2017. Enrollment will be completed between June and August 2019. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Conclusions This hybrid implementation-effectiveness study examines alternative models for implementing the CDC guidelines for routine HIV/STI testing for YAHR of acquiring HIV and for delivering evidence-based behavioral intervention content in modular elements instead of scripted manuals and available over 24 months of follow-up, while also monitoring implementation, costs, and effectiveness. The greatest impacts are expected for coaching, whereas online group peer support is expected to have lower impact but may be more cost-effective. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76el0Viw9) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11165

Background: The rate of HIV has doubled in the last 15 years among young people to 22% of HIV cases. Scientific advances in biomedical HIV prevention strategies have not been utilized by youth. Methods/Design: Young people aged 12 -24 years old (n= 1500) are being recruited from community-based organizations (CBO) and clinics serving gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, homeless youth, youth on probation or released from incarceration, and youth in other high-risk venues (e.g., bars and clubs). Youth are randomized in a factorial design to: 1) an automated messaging and monitoring intervention (AMMI) using text messages (n = 900); 2) AMMI plus peer support via private social media (n = 200); 3) AMMI plus strengths-based coaching (n = 200); and 4) AMMI, peer support, and coaching (n = 200). At four-month intervals over 24 months, interviewers monitor: uptake of the steps in the HIV Prevention Continuum (linkage to health care and adherence to pre-or post-exposure prophylaxis or 100% condom use), and conduct repeat rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), drugs and alcohol use. Weekly automated monitoring via text (or email) in AMMI includes questions on acute HIV and STI symptoms for immediate follow-up by interviewers to provide HIV and STI testing, STI treatment, and partner therapy. Discussion: The greatest impacts are expected among youth receiving the most intensive intervention (i.e., AMMI, peer support, and coach). However, the youth's concurrent mental health, substance abuse, and housing and food security are expected to be significant covariates that influence the uptake of the HIV Prevention Continuum. This study operationalizes the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding the prevention of HIV among the highest risk youth, using community-based point of care diagnostics supported by scalable technology-mediated interventions. Similarly, over 90% of adolescents under age 18 go online daily, more than half several times a day which is facilitated by access to smartphones among 75% of youth of each ethnicity, crossing the digital divide [28]. Much of this online activity is driven by social media use, particularly via smartphones -for example, over 70% of adolescents under 18 years use Facebook, while about half also use Instagram and Snapchat [28]. The interventions in this study use text messaging and social media to engage "youth where they are" in the digital environment. This approach has resulted in four intervention arms which vary in intensity and costs. In order of increasing intensity and costs, the interventions are: 1) automated text-messaging and weekly monitoring probes; 2) peer support via social media; 3) paraprofessional coaching; and 4) all three combined. This study's automated and interpersonally-mediated technology-based interventions will be based on the shared features of existing EBI -we will not create a new app nor an EBI with a manual to be replicated with 6 fidelity [14,33,34]. In the last 25 years, over...

RESUMOO risco de vulnerabilidade e isolamento social associado aos idosos, levou a Organização Mundial de Saúde a reconhecer o apoio social, onde se inclui as redes de apoio social e o suporte social, como um importante fator na prevenção do isolamento social e como uma medida necessá-ria para a promoção da saúde e do envelhecimento ativo (WHO, 2002). Com base no conceito de Envelhecimento Ativo, procurou-se caracterizar a rede de apoio social e de suporte social das pessoas idosas do distrito de Castelo Branco. Métodos: foram entrevistadas 306 pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade, tendo sido utilizada a Escala de Rede de Apoio Social (Lubben, 1998), com três subescalas: família, amigos e confidentes, para avaliar a integração e a rede social. Resultados: O relacionamento social, sobretudo no âmbito familiar, confirma a importância das redes sociais de suporte (Bowling, 1991) para o envelhecimento ativo, bem-sucedido, funcionando igualmente como um fator determinante para a maior ou menor capacidade de adaptação aos desafios do envelhecimento. os indivíduos que apresentam redes familiares e redes de amigos de maiores dimensões são os que pertencem ao grupo etário mais baixo (65-74), ao género masculino, são casados e têm mais anos de escolaridade. Conclusão: Ao analisar a rede de suporte social verifica-se que a rede familiar se associa à idade, género e estado civil enquanto a rede de amigos e de confidentes é maior nos homens. Ter maior escolaridade também está associado à rede de amigos, a qual tem uma maior dimensão nos indivíduos mais novos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: envelhecimento ativo; qualidade de vida; rede de apoio social; idosos. INTRODUÇÃOQuando falamos de rede social e de suporte social estamos a referir-nos, no primeiro caso, à estrutura, à trama da integração social, e, no segundo caso, ao funcionamento, isto é, ao apoio emo-

Esta revisión pretende abordar la temática sobre apego y seguridad emocional en los niños,concretándolo en la edad infantil de 3 a 6 años. En primer lugar, y como principal objetivo, busca estudiar cuál es el papel que tiene el docente como figura de apego, y de qué manera éste vínculo es capaz de generar oportunidades de desarrollo óptimo. Para ello, se hace necesario descubrir qué relación existe entre el tipo de apego que los niños establecen con la figura materna, y las relaciones posteriores qué establecerán con el maestro y sus iguales. Se intenta verificar el peso del vínculo materno y si éste es determinante y marca el desarrollo del niño; o si por el contrario, puede ser solventado por la figura del maestro, pudiendo convertirse este en una auténtica base segura a la que el niño pueda acudir. Por último, se hace referencia a otros factores relevantes que encontramos en el Sistema Educativo y qué pueden influir de forma determinante.

RESUMENEl entorno mundial de crisis económica y financiera en el que nos encontramos desde hace años ha dificultado la incorporación de jóvenes al mercado laboral, si a esto le sumamos el crecimiento de la tasa de paro y las cualificaciones exigidas por las empresas en el primer empleo las opciones de conseguir un puesto de trabajo se vislumbran, a priori, complicadas. Ante estos hechos muchos jóvenes, movidos por la desesperación, terminan buscando una oportunidad de trabajo fuera de nuestras fronteras. Alternativas como el emprendimiento o el autoempleo podrían ser una opción para la juventud de optar al mercado laboral. Ante el paradigma actual de la duda que pueda plantearse cualquier persona joven sobre la idea de emprender o no, el conocer que valores que pueden determinar el éxito de dicho emprendimiento podría ser un vehículo que le facilitase la consecución de los objetivos marcados. El presente trabajo busca conocer que valores han determinado el éxito de personas relevantes en su profesión y cuáles de esos valores coinciden con las características del emprendedor.Palabras clave: valores, éxito, emprendimiento. ABSTRACT:The global environment of economic and financial crisis in which we find for years has hampered the incorporation of youth into the labor market. If we add the growth of the unemployment rate and the qualifications required by companies in the first job the chances of getting a job become complicated. Given these facts many young people out of desperation they end up looking for a job opportunity outside our borders. Alternatives such as entrepreneurship or self-employment may be an option for young people to get into the labor market as long as they were accompanied by support from governments, administrations, organizations and institutions to help them on the path of entrepreneurship. Given the current paradigm of doubt that may arise any young person on the idea of undertaking or not, knowing that values that can determine the success of this venture could be a vehicle that will facilitate the achievement of the objectives. The present work seeks to understand which values have determined the success of relevant people in your profession and which of these values match the characteristics of the entrepreneur.