RESUMOCom o objetivo de conhecer as características fenotípicas e genotípicas das estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de queijo Minas artesanal, produzido na região de Araxá -MG, 30 amostras de uma determinada marca comercializada no município de Sacramento-MG foram analisadas bioquímica e molecularmente. Deste total, 100% estavam em desacordo com a Lei nº 14.185, que dispõe sobre o processo de produção de queijo Minas artesanal, devido à elevada contagem de estafilococos coagulase-positivos. Para a análise molecular, genotiparam-se 63 colônias oriundas das 30 amostras de queijo Minas artesanal. Todas as colônias foram caracterizadas bioquimicamente como estafilococos coagulase-positivos, e 56 (88,8%) colônias foram positivas para a espécie S. aureus nas análises moleculares. Os resultados obtidos indicam a necessidade de adoção de medidas por parte das autoridades sanitárias, uma vez que tais queijos, por serem produzidos com leite cru, não pasteurizado, colocam em risco a saúde dos consumidores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Estafilococos coagulase-positivos. PCR. Saúde pública. SUMMARYThirty samples of a brand cheese commercialized in the municipality of Sacramento, MG, Brazil were analyzed for their biochemical and molecular traits to detect the phenotype and genotype of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Minas artisanal cheese produced in the region of Araxá, MG, Brazil. All samples failed to comply with Law 14185 on the production process of Minas artisanal cheese, owing to high counts in coagulase-positive staphylococcus. Sixty-three colonies from 30 samples of Minas artisanal cheese were genotyped for molecular analysis. All colonies were biochemically detected as coagulase-positive staphylococcus, of which 56 (88.8%) were positive for S. aureus in molecular analyses. Results reveal the need for urgent measures by health authorities since the above mentioned cheese, produced from non-pasteurized milk, put at risk consumers´ health.
The production of cheeses from unpasteurized milk is still widespread in Brazil, even with a legal ban imposed on its marketing. The manufacture of this cheese is a public health problem, due to the use of raw milk and the poor hygienic conditions throughout the supply chain process. Contamination may occur from several sources and involve several different pathogenic microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli. The latter can cause different clinical manifestations depending on the pathotype involved. Furthermore, some isolates manifest antimicrobial resistance and may be a risk for public health. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli in raw-milk cheese in Brazil and their possible risk to public health. A total of 83 cheeses were collected from three different cities and 169 E. coli isolates were characterized for the presence of enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigatoxigenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes, phylogenetic type, antimicrobial resistance, O serogroup, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The number of samples positive for E. coli was highest in Aracaju (90.32%, 28/31). The prevalence of samples positive for potential ExPEC genes was similar for Uberaba and Aracaju (23.07%); the most prevalent ExPEC virulence genes were tsh, iucD, and papC. Isolates from Uberaba had a higher prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (38.46%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.85%), and ampicillin (61.54%) than the other cities. Overall, antimicrobial resistance genes tetB, blaTEM, and blaCMY-2 were the most prevalent genes (26.32%, 15.79%, and 28.95%, respectively) and the most prevalent serotypes were O4 (8%), 018 (12%), and O23 (8%). Clones originating from the same regions and from different regions were observed. These results emphasize the presence of a potential danger for humans in the consumption of raw-milk cheeses in three cities in Brazil due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance, which should be monitored.
In central Brazil after soybean or other annual agricultural species is harvested, sorghum hybrids are planted in the fall in order to establish pastures for grazing animals. This study conducted for two consecutive years aimed at quantifying the contents of hydrocyanic acid in the leaves and determining plant height, forage dry matter yield and the leaf/stem ratio for sorghum hybrid 1P400 at different ages. Statistical analysis was performed by regression analysis based on plant age. Leaf HCN content decreased with plant growth, ranging from 205.0 and 230.3 mg HCN/100 g leaf DM at two weeks old to 5.9 and 6.1 mg HCN/100 g leaf DM at five weeks old in the first and second year, respectively. The average heights measured varied from 60 and 56 cm, in the 4 th week, to 117 and 151 cm, in the 8 th week, during the first and second experimental year, respectively. Forage mass increased linearly with age and displayed average of 1.411 and 1.637 kg DM/ha in the first year and, 2.905 and 3.640 kg DM/ha in the second year, during the 7 th and 8 th week, respectively. Leaf proportion decreased while stem increased linearly with plant age. The leaf/stem ratio decreased with plant growth, elongation and increasing stem weight. The sorghum hybrid should be grazed only after five weeks or when the plant height is above 80 cm, in order to avoid the risk of cyanide poisoning.Index terms: Annual grasses, cyanogenic plants, picro-sodium test, toxic plant. RESUMONo Brasil Central, híbridos de sorgo podem ser semeados no outono, após a colheita da soja ou outra espécie de planta anual, com o objetivo de fornecer alimento aos ruminantes por meio de pastejo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido, por dois anos consecutivos, com o objetivo de quantificar os teores de ácido cianídrico das folhas e mensurar a altura das plantas, produção de massa seca de forragem e a proporção de folha e colmo nas diferentes idades do hibrido de sorgo IP400. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de análise de regressão em função da idade das plantas. O teor de HCN nas folhas decresceu com o desenvolvimento das plantas, apresentando 205,0 e 230,3 mg HCN/100 g de MS de folha, com duas semanas de crescimento e 5,9 e 6,1 mg HCN/100 g de MS de folha, na quinta semana de crescimento, no primeiro e segundo ano, respectivamente. As plantas apresentaram em média 60 e 56 cm, na 4ª semana, e 117 e 151 cm na 8ª semana, no primeiro e segundo ano, respectivamente. A massa de forragem aumentou linearmente, com a idade, apresentando, em média, na sétima e oitava semanas de avaliação, 1.411 e 1.637 kg de MS/ha no primeiro ano e 2.905 e 3.640 kg de MS/ha no segundo ano, respectivamente. Com o crescimento das plantas, a proporção de folhas diminuiu e a proporção de colmo aumentou linearmente. A relação folha/colmo diminuiu com o crescimento, com o alongamento das plantas e aumento do peso dos colmos. O híbrido de sorgo deve ser pastejado, somente após a quinta semana de crescimento ou quando as plantas tiverem acima de 80 cm para não haver risco de intoxicação por HC...
RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, pesquisar a relação entre os microrganismos patogênicos isolados e identificados em água utilizada na ordenha, com o isolamento e identificação dos mesmos em amostras de leite, de quartos mamários apresentando mastite clínica ou subclínica nas mesmas propriedades. Foram utilizadas 16 propriedades rurais leiteiras, escolhidas aleatoriamente, na região de Cerqueira César -SP, que utilizavam ordenha mecânica. A água utilizada na ordenha foi classificada em relação à presença de coliformes totais e fecais, como dentro dos padrões ou fora dos padrões de potabilidade humana. Nos resultados obtidos, 94% das amostras foram classificadas como fora dos padrões em relação a coliformes totais e fecais. Os microrganismos identificados foram: Escherichia coli (51%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Enterobacter cloacae (8%) Edwardsiella tarda (8%) e Klebsiella oxytoca (8%). Em relação ao leite, foram analisadas 373 amostras provenientes de vacas em lactação, com mastite clínica (n=19; 5%) e subclínica (n=354; 95%). Os animais com mastite subclínica foram identificados pela contagem de células somáticas (CCS), utilizando-se o aparelho eletrônico (Somacount 300, Bentley), onde a média observada foi de 1.631 x 10 3 células/mL. Os principais microrganismos identificados foram: Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Corynebacterium bovis (23%) e Staphylococcus spp. (15%). Conforme os dados obtidos, os agentes coliformes encontrados na água, utilizada na ordenha, não estavam presentes nas análises das amostras de leite dos quartos mamários com mastite clínica ou subclínica das respectivas propriedades, demonstrando não haver associação entre a qualidade da água e a ocorrência de mastite.Termos para indexação: Bovinos; mastite; leite; microorganismos. ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to research the relation between the isolated and identified pathogenic microorganisms in the water used in the milking, with the isolation and identification of the same in milk samples of teats showing clinical or subclinical mastitis. Sixteen dairy farms were randomly chosen, in Cerqueira Cesar town -SP, which used mechanical milking. Water of the farms was classified in relation to the presence of total and fecal coliforms such as in the standard or out of the standard of human potability. In the results obtained, 94% of the samples were classified as being out of the standards in relation to total and fecal coliforms. The identified microorganisms were Escherichia coli (51%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Enterobacter cloacae (8%), Edwardsiella tarda (8%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (8%). Regarding the milk samples, 373 samples from suckling cows were analyzed, presenting clinical mastitis (n=19; 5%) and subclinical mastitis (n=354; 95%).Animals presenting subclinical mastitis were identified by somatic cell count (SCC), utilizing electronic equipment (Somacount 300 -Bentley), where the mean found was 1,631 x 10 3 cells/mL. The main identified microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Corynebacterium bovis (23%) and Staphyloc...
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