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Examination of the transition of successful students from university into the labour market reveals a significant gap between the competencies acquired during higher education and those needed in the workplace. In this article, the authors discuss a research study undertaken to analyse the employability traits of engineers who had recently graduated. In order to do this, an estimation was made of both acquired and applied competencies in each area of engineering examined (computer engineers, naval engineers and industrial engineers). This analysis enabled the calculation of a choice model to clarify which competencies act as a stimulus for employment and which discourage recruitment. The results provide clear policy directions both for management teams in each of the three areas of engineering and for universities.

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The objective of this paper is to try to evaluate the port-city relationship from its onset, taking into account the challenges of port 4.0. Indicators such as the percentage of employees participating in training programs, the percentage of female employees in Galician ports, the percentage of merchandise moved by private operators and the percentage of companies with quality certification in Galician ports are evaluated. The fourth revolution is based on the transition from current fossil fuel-based energy models to alternative energy sources, changes in the logistics and transport parameters and finally, on the elimination of intermediation. The key component of the third pillar of new Economy 4.0 is complete digitalization. The optimum port-city solution must address the need of both the urban planner and the port manager to evaluate potential measures that would alleviate the pressure of dedicated port facilities on the city and vice versa to the greatest extent possible.