The purpose of the present article was to present a clinical case of an 11-year-old girl with peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). Additionally, after performing a literature review, we identified clinical information that occurs more frequently in association with POF, such evidence would help professionals in yielding a specific diagnosis and tailor a more specific therapeutic approach with the objective to decrease morbidities' associated with POF. This lesion represents the third most common lesion of all localized reactive hyperplastic lesions. Clinical aspects related to this pathology include the fact that it occurs most frequently in women between the first and second decades of life. It affects anterior maxillary region and interferes with normal functioning of this anatomical structure. After conducting the literature search, we found that it can also be presented in a considerable number of males with pain and hyperemia being the most common clinical manifestations. We found that often clinical cases are presented with incomplete information. It is important that in order to get to a consensus with respect to updates about information related to this lesion, new case series that include complete clinical information, radiographic analysis, and histopathology tests could be presented.

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare condition of osteolysis with excessive lymphangiogenesis within bone tissue. The etiology of this condition remains unknown but seems to affect mainly children and young adults of both genders all over the world. Unfortunately, there is no standardized method for diagnosis; however, histopathology remains as the gold standard. This condition is often misdiagnosed due to its varying clinical presentations from case-to-case. Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with chronic mandibular pain during mastication and received multiple antibiotic treatment due to infectious origin suspicion. After integrating information from clinical manifestations, radiographic, laboratory, and histopathology information, she was diagnosed with GSD. Additionally, due to the lack of literature with respect to insights into biological mechanisms and standardized treatment for this condition, we underwent a literature revision to provide information related to activation of cells from the immune system, such as macrophages, T-cells, and dendritic cells, and their contribution to the lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenic process in GSD. It is important to consider these mechanisms in patients with GSD, especially since new studies performed in earlier stages are required to confirm their use as novel diagnostic tools and find new possibilities for treatment.

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