In March-April 1998 in a neighborhood in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina, there was an outbreak of an acute disease characterized by fever, headaches, and intense myalgias. This article presents the studies surrounding this outbreak and the attempts to identify the source and the mode of transmission. The epidemiological, serological, and clinical findings indicated that the causative agent was Leptospira interrogans. As a screening test, macroscopic agglutination with heat-resistant antigen was applied, followed by the ELISA test, and, as a confirmatory test, microscopic agglutination for 10 serotypes of L. interrogans. The study covered 32 persons, 8 dogs, and 8 water samples. Among the 32 persons, 12 cases were confirmed, 2 were suspicious, and 18 were negative. Six dogs were found to be infected, and motile spirochetes were found in the water samples. The human sera reacted with the ballum, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pyrogenes serotypes; the canine sera reacted with the ballum, canicola, and pomona serotypes. The coagglutination found in all the confirmed cases indicates that they were acute cases of leptospirosis, but it was impossible to identify the causal serotype. Except for the index case, the disease was not recognized clinically. Several facts suggest that the outbreak was caused by rain that had flooded the study area. The results of this study emphasize the need for active surveillance of leptospirosis when there are floods and other natural disasters.
rP35a and rP22a features suggest that, with complementary use, they could replace parasite lysate for toxoplasmosis infection screening and for acute toxoplasmosis diagnosis. Our proposal should be validated by a longitudinal study and may lead to a reliable toxoplasmosis pregnancy control, performing tests in only one serum sample.
ResumenProsopis es un género dentro del clado Mimosoid caracterizado por las disyunciones que presentan sus actuales áreas de distribución y las dificultades para esclarecer su filogenia. Este trabajo presenta un análisis bibliográfico actualizado sobre las características evolutivas, citogenéticas, genéticas e hibridaciones del género. Los datos disponibles sugieren que divergió tempranamente en varios linajes principales, aunque dentro de algunos de ellos han ocurrido episodios recientes de especiación parcial. La forma en que se distribuye la variabilidad genética dentro y entre poblaciones depende, entre otros factores, del sistema reproductivo y la estrategia adaptativa. La estructura de las poblaciones, a su vez, establece restricciones a los procesos evolutivos tendientes a la adaptación creciente al ambiente y/o la diferenciación específica. . Es un género esencialmente diploide (2n = 28) pero se ha informado poliploidía y frecuentes procesos de hibridación e introgresión interespecífica. La alta similitud genética y cromosómica entre las distintas especies del género permite la obtención de híbridos viables, reforzando la idea de que algunas especies del género están evolutivamente activas, y pone de manifiesto las dificultades que esto ocasiona en el tratamiento taxonómico y la filogenia del grupo. Palabras clave: algarrobo, botánica, mezquite, sistemática, taxonomía. AbstractProsopis is a primitive genus in the Mimosoid's clade characterized by disjunctions in its distribution areas and the difficulty in establishing its phylogeny. This paper presents an updated literature review on the evolutionary, cytogenetic, genetic and hybridization characteristics of the genus. The available data suggest that it diverged early in several major lineages, although in some of them recent episodes of partial speciation have occurred. Genetic diversity within and between populations depends on the reproductive system and adaptative strategies, among other factors. Populations' structure also sets restrictions to evolutive processes leading to the increasing adaptation to the environment and/or specific differentiation. It is an essentially diploid genus (2n = 28) never the less polyploidy and frequent processes of interspecific hybridization and introgression have been informed. High genetic and chromosomal similarity between species of the genus allows the generation of viable hybrids, reinforcing the idea that some species are evolutionarily active and highlights the difficulties this causes in the taxonomic treatment and the phylogeny of the group. Key words: carob tree, botany, mesquite, systematic, taxonomy. (Tapia Pastrana et al. 1999). Estos fenómenos sustentarían la idea de que Prosopis es un antiguo género que divergió tempranamente en varios linajes principales, pero que dentro de algunos de ellos han ocurrido episodios recientes de especiación parcial (Burkart & Simpson 1977). Características evolutivas enLa forma en que se distribuye la variabilidad genética dentro y entre poblaciones depende, entre otr...
Con el objeto de crear bases conceptuales para determinar la calidad de semillas de Prosopis alba a través de pruebas de envejecimiento acelerado se determinó el vigor realizando ensayos con calor húmedo (EACH), calor seco (EACS) y solución salina (EASS) en semillas de tres procedencias geográfi cas: Santiago del Estero, Formosa y Norte de la provincia de Salta. Se demostró signifi cancia para la interacción Procedencia*Tratamiento y se determinó que el EACH al afectar signifi cativamente al índice de envejecimiento es el único procedimiento aplicable a todas las procedencias. Clasifi cando a cada procedencia según su vigor medido a través del IE luego de la prueba de EACH: el rodal Chaqueño resulta superior a los rodales Santiagueño y Salta Norte, que son similares entre sí. La evaluación de vigor permitió distinguir las procedencias mediante cualidades no detectadas en pruebas de germinación normal en condiciones estándar.
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