Objective: To describe the process of manufacturing and validation of an educational booklet for HIV/Aids prevention in older adults Methods: Methodological study developed in two phases -manufacturing of the booklet and validation of the educational material by judges. The manufacturing process involved a situational diagnosis with older adults, and its result indicated gaps in the knowledge with respect to HIV/Aids. The validation process was performed by nine judges, selected by convenience. It was considered an agreement index of at least 0.80, analyzed through the content validity index. Results: We opted for a dialogue between two older adults divided into three categories: myths and taboos; ignorance; and prevention and importance of diagnosis. The average of the items was 0.90. The suggestions made by the judges were observed and modifi ed for the fi nal version. Conclusion: The material had relevant content for the judges, in addition to being able to be used by health professionals in the education and clarifi cation of issues on the subject. Descriptors: Older People; Teaching Materials; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Geriatric Nursing; HIV. RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de construção e validação de cartilha educativa para prevenção de HIV/Aids em idosos. Método: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em duas etapas -construção da cartilha e validação do material educativo por juízes. O processo de construção envolveu um diagnóstico situacional com idosos, cujo resultado apontou lacunas no conhecimento com relação ao HIV/Aids. Já o processo de validação foi realizado por nove juízes, selecionados por conveniência. Considerouse uma concordância de no mínimo 0,80, analisado pelo índice de validade de conteúdo. Resultados: Optou-se por um diálogo entre dois idosos dividido em três categorias: mitos e tabus; desconhecimento; e prevenção e importância do diagnóstico. A média dos itens foi de 0,90. As sugestões realizadas pelos juízes foram acatadas e modifi cadas para a versão fi nal. Conclusão: O material apresentou conteúdo relevante para os juízes, além de poder ser utilizado pelos profi ssionais de saúde no ensino e esclarecimento de questões sobre a temática. Descritores: Idoso; Materiais de Ensino; Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis; Enfermagem Geriátrica; HIV. RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción y validación de una cartilla educativa para la prevención del VIH/sida en los ancianos. Método: Estudio desarrollado en dos etapas: construcción de la cartilla y validación del material educativo por los jueces. El proceso de construcción implicó una diagnosis situacional de ancianos que señaló lagunas en el conocimiento del VIH/sida. Ya el proceso de validación fue realizado por nueve jueces, seleccionados por conveniencia. Se consideró una concordancia de por lo menos 0,80, analizada por el índice de validez de contenido. Resultados: Se optó por un diálogo entre dos ancianos dividido en tres categorías: mitos y tabúes; desconocimiento; prevención e importancia de la diagnosis....
To determine the frequency of the parasitic pathogens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in a developing world setting, 295 stool specimens were examined from 166 HIV-positive patients (49% with AIDS) at São José Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil, from September 1990 to March 1992. Significantly more patients with diarrhea (85%) than without (66%) had AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) (P < .005). Of the potential parasitic causes of diarrhea, only Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidia were significantly associated with diarrheal disease. Infections with C. parvum, but not microsporidia, were associated with the rainy season (P < .005). Thus, C. parvum and microsporidia are the most common intestinal parasites associated with diarrhea in an HIV-infected population in Brazil and are associated with advanced HIV disease. The association of C. parvum infections with the rainy season suggests that contaminated water may be important in its transmission; however, the source of human microsporidia requires further investigation.
The objective of this investigation was to identify how adolescents structure the social representations of sexual intercourse and use of condoms. Exploratory and descriptive research was conducted with a convenience sample consisting of 234 students of a public secondary school in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, between July 2009 and April 2010. Data were collected using a questionnaire with variables on socioeconomic status and sexual behaviour, and Free Association test with three terms: 'sex', 'unprotected sex' and 'sex with a condom'. Sexual intercourse was represented by love and affection among the women, while men associated sex to pleasure, desire and attraction toward the female body. The condom was considered important by both groups, but men represented condoms as being something bad that restricts pleasure. Health professionals are granted the opportunity to identify vulnerabilities of this population to DST/HIV/AIDS and work with these vulnerabilities in the most appropriate way.
A pesquisa trata de compreender o cotidiano de mulheres após contágio do HIV/aids como subsídios norteadores da assistência de enfermagem. Pesquisa qualitativa, com participação de 39 mulheres que estavam em atendimento ambulatorial para HIV em Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados por Análise de Conteúdo. Dos resultados, emergiu uma categoria: mudanças no cotidiano das mulheres após contágio pelo HIV, com três subcategorias: mudanças no âmbito afetivo familiar; modificações no contexto social, trabalho, lazer; novos hábitos cotidianos com vistas à qualidade de vida. Ao término do estudo, evidenciamos que a mulher soropositiva vivencia situações de abandono familiar, isolamento social, estagnação das atividades laborais e lazer devido ao estigma da doença. Os depoimentos demonstraram redução ou abandono da bebida, do fumo e das práticas sexuais desprotegidas. Os resultados sinalizam para enfermagem ações assistenciais que contemplem questões biopsicossocioespirituais.
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