The concordance of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 188 sex workers in five different locations was investigated. HPV was found in 43.6% of the women, and its prevalence at genital sites was similar. Prevalence was highest among women aged 20 years or younger but declined thereafter in specimens from all anogenital sites.The risk of acquiring anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated mainly with early sexual experience, number of lifetime sexual partners, and sexual contact with highly promiscuous partners (3,10,16).Persistent infection with HPV has been identified as the most important cause of cervical cancer (2,15,25). HPV, particularly the high-risk type 16 HPV, has also been implicated in the development of other genital cancers, in particular, cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, and anus, as well as in the development of neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity (21,22).However, the prevalence of HPV infection in these locations from the same subject has not yet been reported. We analyzed samples collected from these five sites in a high-risk population.One hundred eighty-eight women who practiced prostitution and attended a dermatology and sexually transmitted disease clinic in Oviedo (Spain) for regular checkups were enrolled in this study. Personal interviews were carried out, and medical histories were recorded.After informed consent was obtained, all women had a gynecologic examination where cellular exfoliates from the cervix, vagina, and vulva and anal mucus were collected.HPV detection and genotyping were performed with an inhouse PCR as previously described (4,6,19). One cervical sample and 21 anal samples were not suitable for the study because of repeated ␤-globin PCR failure. One hundred sixtysix women had samples suitable for HPV testing at all five sites. HPV DNA was detected in at least one location in 72 (43.3%) women, 65 (39.1%) of which were positive in one or more anogenital locations.HPV DNA prevalence was 27.8% in cervical cells, 26.1% in vaginal specimens, 22.9% in vulval specimens, 15% in anal specimens, and 7.9% in oral mucosae (Table 1). HPV 16 was the most frequent type found at anogenital sites, followed by HPV 18; HPV 6 was the most frequent type in oral cells (33.3%). Almost all women with detectable HPV in cervical cells were also HPV positive in their vaginas (94.2%) ( Table 2). The kappa statistic for HPV agreement between prevalences in the cervix and the other locations was 0.932 for vaginal specimens (P Ͻ 0.0001), 0.508 for vulval specimens (P Ͻ 0.0001), 0.41 for anal specimens (P Ͻ 0.001), and 0.72 for oral mucus specimens (P ϭ 0.191).HPV prevalence was higher in 20-year-old or younger women than in women over 20 years old and decreased with age for anogenital sites tested. HPV detection in buccal cells was not age related (Fig. 1).Cervical abnormalities (categorized as cervical intraepithelial neoplasm grade I [CIN I] abnormalities) were identified in 10 women (5.3% of study subjects). In these cases, HPV DNA was detected in 70% of ce...

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ObjectiveHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men may produce cancer and other major disorders. Men play an important role in the transmission of the virus and act as a reservoir. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV-genotypes and their prevalence in a group of men attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection service.Patients and SamplesBetween July 2002 and June 2011, 1392 balanopreputial, 435 urethral, 123 anal, and 67 condyloma lesions from 1551 men with a mean age of 35.8±11.3 years old (range: 17–87) were collected for HPV-DNA testing.MethodsA fragment of the L1-gene and a fragment of the E6/E7-genes were amplified by PCR. Positive samples were typed by hybridization.ResultsThe HPV genome was detected in 36.9% (486/1318) balanopreputial and in 24.9% (101/405) urethral (p<0.0001) swabs from 38.1% (538) of 1469 men. Co-infections were present in 5.4% (80/1469) of cases. HPV was found in 43.9% (373/850) of men younger than 35 vs. 31.7% (187/589) of men aged >35. HPV was found in 59.4% (104) of 165 men with lesions (macroscopic or positive peniscopy), and in 22.8% (61/267) without clinical alterations. HPV was also detected in 71.4% (40/56) men with condylomata and in 58.7% (64/109) of men with positive peniscopy.ConclusionsHPV prevalence in men was high and decreased with age. HPV was found more frequently in balanopreputial than in urethral swabs. There was a low rate of co-infections. Low-risk HPV vaccine genotypes were the most recurrent especially in younger. Although HPV has been associated with clinical alterations, it was also found in men without any clinical presentation. Inclusion of men in the national HPV vaccination program may reduce their burden of HPV-related disease and reduce transmission of the virus to non-vaccinated women.

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years; having no education or only primary education completed; and having a history of STI. In total, 1,462 HIV infections were newly diagnosed among MSM during 2003-2007. Of these, 31.% were diagnosed with other STI at the same time. Factors associated with STI co-infection among new HIV cases in MSM were being Latin American; and having sex with casual partners or with both steady and casual partners. In Spain, a considerable proportion of MSM are co-infected with HIV and STI.