The current evolution of the European architecture study plans, since the implementation of the Bologna Process, implies the decrease of hours dedicated to theoretical teaching of certain compulsory subjects, essentials for architects training. It results paradoxical, facing the increasing complexity, regulation and specialisation of professional work in specific fields, such as heritage work.This article reviews the European architects training concerning the study of History and Theory of Architecture and its professional competences. The analysed study cases, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain, aim to obtain a broad panorama of the methods of training, the qualification and responsibilities of the architects in heritage work.