Ethnic Chinese and Asians have historically been excluded, invisibilized, or experienced conditional inclusion in South America. In Chile, the global pandemic provoked an increase in older patterns of anti-Chinese racism and anti-China sentiments. Orientalist and racist discourses have gone uncriticized, although anti-China statements by politicians and academics have provoked diplomatic backlash. Contextualizing the history of orientalism and representations of Chineseness in Chile, we show that dominant political and cultural discourses during COVID-19 strongly reproduce the dichotomy between the 'Oriental' and 'Occidental.' The pandemic reveals the superficial and problematic nature of the government's recent attempts to articulate multiculturalism in an era of 'rise in China' tropes.
Despite a long history of Chinese presence in Chile and the Americas, the Chinese tend to remain in a state of conditional visibility. Questioning the paradoxical ubiquity and invisibility of expressions of Chineseness in the physical and cultural landscape of Santiago, we examine cultural and discursive processes of (re)production that contribute to this scenario. Informed by understandings of identity and contextualized by the history of the Chinese presence in Chile, we consider the diverse ways in which Chinese people and Chineseness are portrayed on Chilean television and in films and theatre plays. We examine how these representations enable forms of subordination and silencing, and/or highlight the agency of Chinese persons. We show that while Chineseness and Chinese people are typically depicted as one-dimensional and incomprehensible, some productions visibilize and problematize such empty stereotypes. Finally, we demonstrate how these representations resignify Chineseness in a broader Latin American and global context.
<p>El discurso social se constituye como creador de sentido y representación del mundo articulando, por tanto, realidades. Desde esta perspectiva, el discurso se transforma en un hecho social y por tanto “histórico”. Empero, para que este discurso tenga legitimidad, debe realizarse en contextos institucionales. A modo de ejemplificación respecto de la importancia del discurso en tanto formador y legitimador de las interacciones bilaterales entre República Popular China y Chile,<br />aquí se abordan los discursos institucionales – económicos, políticos y culturales – articulados en el contexto de la relación bilateral Sino-Chilena, dentro del contexto mayor de la relación entre el país asiático y América Latina</p>
Tras la caída de la dinastía Qing y la instauración de la República de China en 1911/12, el Partido Nacionalista Chino inició una nueva era de relaciones con los chinos de ultramar, fortaleciendo vínculos y alentando su patriotismo. En respuesta, estos crearon un movimiento de solidaridad con el objetivo de prestar ayuda al gobierno nacionalista, en especial ante la invasión japonesa en la década de 1930 y la llegada de Mao Zedong al poder en 1949. Utilizando como caso de estudio la comunidad china en Iquique en Chile, se sostiene aquí que la diáspora china utilizó las transformaciones políticas y sociales que vivió la República de China en la primera mitad del siglo XX y durante el comienzo de la Guerra Fría para forjar su identidad en Chile. Utilizando ciertas estrategias comunicacionales, la comunidad china en Iquique se perfiló como un grupo moderno, católico y leal a las políticas del Estado chileno.Palabras claves: Diáspora China, Iquique, Movimientos de Solidaridad, Guerra Fría.
After the fall of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911/12, the Chinese Nationalist Party started a new era of relations with its overseas communities, strengthening links and promoting patriotism. In response, the Chinese communities abroad created a solidarity movement which aimed to help the nationalist government, especially after the Japanese invasion in the 1930s and Mao
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.