Cancer treatment aims to exploit properties that define malignant cells. In recent years, it has become apparent that malignant cells often survive cancer treatment and ensuing cell stress by switching on auxiliary turnover pathways, changing cellular metabolism and, concomitantly, the gene expression profile. The changed profile impacts the material exchange of cancer cells with affected tissues. Herein, we show that pathways of proteostasis and energy generation regulate common transcription factors. Namely, when one pathway of intracellular turnover is blocked, it triggers alternative turnover mechanisms, which induce transcription factor proteins that control expression of cytokines and regulators of apoptosis, cell division, differentiation, metabolism, and response to hormones. We focus on several alternative turnover mechanisms that can be blocked by drugs already used in clinical practice for the treatment of other non-cancer related diseases. We also discuss paradigms on the challenges posed by cancer cell adaptation mechanisms.

A term infant with Crouzon syndrome underwent a computed tomography (CT) study to rule out the presence of hydrocephalus. Computed tomography revealed hydrocephalus, a large cerebrospinal fluid cyst in the posterior fossa and hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres with a winged appearance, consisting of Dandy-Walker malformation (Figure 1). The patient underwent a cystoperitoneal shunt insertion to alleviate pressure, and a craniofacial reconstructive procedure was performed at a later time.Crouzon syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by cranial synostosis, exophthalmos, and midface hypoplasia. The birth prevalence has been calculated to be 16.5 cases per 1 000 000 live births and constitutes approximately 4.8% of all cases of craniosynostosis. 1 Patients with Crouzon syndrome often develop hydrocephalus that requires treatment. Dandy-Walker malformation is a congenital disorder that is characterized by cerebellar dysgenesis, cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, and large posterior fossa with elevation of the dural sinuses and tentorium. 2 Although Dandy-Walker malformation is usually associated with several other disorders, to our best knowledge this is the first reported case of a patient with Crouzon syndrome. Physicians should be aware of this potential coexistence, given that both disorders have been associated with mental retardation and may act synergistically.

The newest results in the chromatographic analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs present in various organic and inorganic accompanying matrices are collected and critically evaluated. Examples for the application of pre-concentration and pre-purification methods for the enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of chromatographic technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the different chromatographic methods are discussed and the separation capacities of the techniques are compared. The application of various chromatographic procedures for the separation and quantitative determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen, diclofenac, genfibrozil, ketoprofen, diflunisal, indoprofen, fenoprofen, meclofenamic acid, naproxen, mexiletin) is discussed in detail.

Background: Evidence for an association of fetal growth with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is inconclusive. AML is a rare childhood cancer, relatively more frequent in girls, with distinct features in infancy. In the context of the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC), we examined an a priori hypothesis that the association may vary by age, sex and disease subtype using data comprising 22 studies and a total of 3564 AML cases.Methods: Pooled estimates by age, sex and overall for harmonized fetal growth measures in association with AML risk were calculated using the INTERGROWTH 21 st project for 17 studies contributing individual-level data; thereafter, meta-analyses were conducted with effect estimates provided ad hoc due to administrative constraints by five more studies. Subanalyses by AML subtype were also performed.Findings: A nearly 50% greater risk was observed among large for gestational age (LGA) infant boys <1 year [odds ratio (OR): 1.49, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.03-2.14], reduced to 34% among boys <2 years (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.71) and 25% for all age boys (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.46). The association became stronger among boys with M0/M1subtype (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.83). The association among boys with large birth length for gestational age was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.00-1.92). No index of decelerated fetal growth was associated with AML risk.Interpretation: Greater fetal growth was associated with AML, especially in infant boys and those with minimally differentiated myeloid leukemia. Further cytogenetic research would help inform the underlying mechanisms.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) presenting with many symptoms and signs, in any age group. From its dramatic appearance as a part of Hypo plastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), to early Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)in neonatal and early infantile age, to undetected Hypertension (HTN) in early or even late adulthood. The aim of this short review is to present this unique CHD, underline the presentation of late detected CoA, presenting with HTN and its impact in treating resistant HTN even after successful surgical treatment. Finally, the late onset HTN, following successful surgical treatment and its medicine management will be addressed. This difficult to control on mono or dual pharmacotherapy and the late complications of persistent uncontrolled HTN is the basic reason that these patients are a long-life follow-up population with important medical needs and increasing morbidity and mortality. Abriviations