Background Previous evidence linking diabetes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology is mixed and scant data are available from low- and middle-income countries. Objective To investigate the association between diabetes and AD neuropathology in a large autopsy study of older Brazilian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, diabetes was defined by diagnosis during life or use of antidiabetic medication. A standardized neuropathological examination was performed using immunohistochemistry. The associations of diabetes with Consortium to Establish and Registry for Alzheimer Disease (CERAD) scores for neuritic plaques and Braak-Braak (BB) scores for neurofibrillary tangles were investigated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. We investigated effect modification of education, race, and APOE on these associations. Results Among 1,037 subjects (mean age = 74.4 ± 11.5 y; mean education = 4.0 3.7 y; 48% male, 61% White), diabetes was present in 279 subjects. Diabetes was not associated with BB (OR = 1.12, 95%±CI = 0.81–1.54, p = 0.48) or with CERAD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.68–1.38, p = 0.86) scores on analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables. We observed effect modification by the APOE allele ε4 on the association between diabetes mellitus and BB scores. Conclusion No evidence of an association between diabetes and AD neuropathology was found in a large sample of Brazilians; however, certain subgroups, such as APOE allele ε4 carriers, had higher odds of accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles.
ABSTRACT.Background:Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia, especially for vascular dementia (VaD), but there is no consensus on diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other causes of dementia.Objective:To explore the association between diabetes and the neuropathological etiology of dementia in a large autopsy study.Methods:Data were collected from the participants of the Brain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group between 2004 and 2015. Diagnosis of diabetes was reported by the deceased's next-of-kin. Clinical dementia was established when CDR ≥ 1 and IQCODE > 3.41. Dementia etiology was determined by neuropathological examination using immunohistochemistry. The association of diabetes with odds of dementia was investigated using multivariate logistic regression.Results:We included 1,037 subjects and diabetes was present in 279 participants (27%). The prevalence of dementia diagnosis was similar in diabetics (29%) and non-diabetics (27%). We found no association between diabetes and dementia (OR = 1.22; 95%CI = 0.81-1.82; p = 0.34) on the multivariate analysis. AD was the main cause of dementia in both groups, while VaD was the second-most-frequent cause in diabetics. Other mixed dementia was the second-most-common cause of dementia and more frequent among non-diabetics (p = 0.03).Conclusion:Diabetes was not associated with dementia in this large clinicopathological study.
AgradecimentosAo meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Ricardo Nitrini, por ter me escolhido para realizar este trabalho. Muito obrigada pela sua orientação, confiança, amizade, dedicação e pelas conversas que tivemos ao longo de todo o trabalho. Obrigada pelos seus ensinamentos, tenha certeza que aprendi e aprendo muito com o senhor, e que para mim foi uma honra imensa ter sido sua orientanda. À Dra. Cláudia K. Suemoto, professora pesquisadora do Grupo de Estudos em Envelhecimento Cerebral da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, colega e coorientadora extraoficial pois, infelizmente, não houve tempo para oficializarmos. Agradeço por todo suporte e dedicação ao trabalho. Agradeço por ter me ajudado com os cálculos e pelas suas explicações de estatísticas tão preciosas para mim. Agradeço pela sua amizade, disciplina e por todas as ideias que trocamos nesses anos. À Dra. Roberta D. Rodriguez, querida amiga e colega, por toda sua ajuda e explicações sobre neuropatologia. Aprendi muito e continuo aprendendo com você.Sua participação foi muito importante para a realização desta tese. Tabela 13 -Frequência do diagnóstico de demência clínica e seus achados neuropatológicos da amostra total (N=1.037 , teste exato de Fisher e regressão logística múltipla para variáveis categóricas. Resultados: amostra total foi de 1.037 indivíduos, sendo 758 não diabéticos (73,1%) e 279 diabéticos (26,9%). Demência foi constatada em 28,7% em diabéticos. O DM não se associou à frequência mais elevada de demência (OR: 1,22; IC 95%: 0,81-1,82; p=0,34). O DM não está associado com ENF (p=0,81), PN (p=0,31), grupo infarto (p=0,94), angiopatia amiloide (p=0,42) e arteriolosclerose hialina (p=0,07). Após o ajuste para variáveis demográficas e para os fatores de risco vascular, o diagnóstico de DM não se associou ao diagnóstico neuropatológico de DA e vascular. Conclusão: o DM não está associado à demência e às alterações neuropatológicas da DA e de DV.Descritores: doença de Alzheimer; diabetes mellitus; demência; demência vascular; neuropatologia; autópsia; inquéritos e questionários; estatísticas não paramétricas; modelos lineares; modelos logísticos. AbstractMatioli MNPS. Association between Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a
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