Non-destructive testing techniques allow the analysis of wood characteristics without altering its end-use capabilities. Wood morphology, wood density, moisture content, and wood decay are some of the features detectable by means of different non-destructive methods. Among them, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) stand out because of their ability to measure information in a three-dimensional fashion. This enables one to scan volumetrically an entire tree log, giving measurements of each location of the analyzed volume. The output data can provide information about internal structures or physiological features, which can then be used for optimizing industrial processing or for research purposes. In this chapter, the authors describe CT and MRI in terms of their operational principles, sampling conditions, data outputs, and advantages and disadvantages.
SUMMARYThe advances in trees and plants architecture and their physiology analysis, and on the other hand the advances in computer sciences, have permitted the development of 3D structural plant models. The basic modeling units are usually leaves internodes, buds and fruits or flowers. The state of the art is presented in this kind of models, as are also the functional-structural models that are integration between structural models and physiological ones. Some tools and concepts used in this kind of modeling, as L-Systems, automata cellular, stochastic modeling, are also presented. The future trend will be a stronger development of these models, including variations due to environment and management, in order to support the decision taking.Key words: functional-structural models, crown, L-Systems, fractal theory. RESUMENLos avances en el análisis de la arquitectura o estructura de los árboles y plantas y su fisiología y, por otra parte, los avances en el área de la computación, han permitido desarrollar modelos estructurales tridimensionales del desarrollo de vegetales, usando generalmente como unidad mínima a modelar las hojas, internudos, yemas y frutos. Se presenta el estado del arte en este tipo de modelos, así como los modelos funcionales-estructurales, que integran modelos estructurales con modelos de procesos fisiológicos en la planta. Algunas herramientas usadas para este tipo de modelación, tales como Sistemas L, concepto de autómata celular, modelación estocástica, son presentadas. Se observa que la tendencia a futuro será desarrollar más este tipo de modelos integrados, incluyendo variaciones debido al ambiente y manejo, de manera de que apoyen la toma de decisiones.
Los álamos tienen un fuste recto y cilíndrico de hasta 35 m. de altura y 2 m. de diámetro, generalmente de crecimiento muy rápido. Son especies exigentes en agua, luz y suelo; en Chile existen plantaciones entre Aconcagua y Bío-Bío principalmente, aunque en el último tiempo se ha estado plantando también en la región de Los Lagos. Se manejan en rotaciones de 10 a 16 años, con rendimientos sobre los 300 m³/ha. La madera se emplea en forma aserrada y es también muy demandada para la fabricación de fósforos, palitos de helado y de arroz, así como para la producción de embalajes.
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