The effect of gain and loss of esteem is introduced into the equations of time evolution of social relations, hostile or friendly, in a group of actors. The equations allow for asymmetric relations. We prove that in the presence of this asymmetry, the majority of stable solutions are jammed states, i.e. the Heider balance is not attained there. A phase diagram is constructed with three phases: the jammed phase, the balanced phase with two mutually hostile groups, and the phase of so-called paradise, where all relations are friendly.

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A significant problem common for di↵erent domains of applications is an issue of obtaining and keeping an influential position in the respective social media society. In this paper a new approach is proposed based on the analysis of roles of users in groups identified within society. Three di↵erent dimensions of user behavior are considered as key elements of these roles: their activity, influence and cooperativeness/competition. Taking into account measures describing these dimensions, a set of roles characterizing behaviors of users in groups is formulated.We propose an original set of roles with their justification in sociological models, develop an easy extendable model of a social system and conduct experiments to allow us to define patterns describing stability and variability of given roles as well as statistics of transitions in time between these considered roles. To define the roles, we took into account di↵erent features of user interactions, both quantitative and qualitative. We propose an integrated approach to the analysis of role changes in the context of group evolution. We consider behavior of users in groups with di↵erent sizes and di↵erences between them. We also analyse the stability of individual roles players by users in groups and often occurring transitions between individual roles. The obtained results, interpreted also from the sociological point of view, allow the formulation of general recommendations on which behaviors of users could ensure achieving and maintaining influential roles in social media. The most frequent patterns of transitions between roles are identified and significant similarities between them for two considered blog portals are described. The approaches and methods of analysis presented in the paper may be applied to support decisions leading to obtaining and maintaining influential positions in social media, which may be useful for the promotion of goods and services, leading business or political campaigns.

The main aim of this article is demonstrating the role of the powiat in the civilisation process of the region. We want to show how the tasks which are the result of the act of law are realized in practice, and what the role of the powiat in the civilization process is, according to the powiat authorities, the employees managing the promotion of the region, creating infrastructure for the growth of the civilization potential, and the trans communal cooperation.

Family members are the key source of social, emotional and financial assistance for people with disabilities throughout their lives. However, the role of the family undergoes significant changes in different periods of the life of people with disabilities. During childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age, people with disabilities need other forms of support, which means that they undertake educational, professional or family activities related to starting their own families and bringing up children. Around that time, their relationship with the family is changing. The role of the family is becoming limited in the area of control and assistance in making life choices for people with disabilities. Our goal will be to reconstruct the family's presence in social networks of adults and to identify socio-demographic and emotional factors that affect the number of contacts with the family. This will be the starting point for presenting the impact of family relationships on strengthening empowerment and promoting self-determination among adults with disabilities. The analysis will be based on data from Social Diagnosis 2015.