Pequeñas tumbas en la colina: aportes al conocimiento del período alfarero temprano en el valle de mauro (31° s) desde la funebria Resumen El sitio MAU085 corresponde a un asentamiento de gran relevancia para el extremo meridional del Norte Semiárido de Chile. Dentro de las ocupaciones identificadas en el sitio, destaca un componente del Alfarero Temprano datado entre los 1110 hasta los 740 años AP, caracterizado por la utilización de quincha en la elaboración de vasijas y construcción de estructuras, junto a la recolección de plantas silvestres, una escasa explotación de camélidos y uso de vasijas de tamaño pequeño. A partir de nuevas excavaciones realizadas en MAU085, se identificaron cuatro contextos funerarios distantes del área habitacional, caracterizados por estructuras elaboradas con clastos y soportes de molienda fracturados, restos óseos y líticos, junto a piedras sin alteraciones. Estos materiales se encuentran dispuestos sobre los restos de cuatro lactantes y perinatos asociados a ofrendas cerámicas y ajuares como collar y anillo metálico. El análisis de los contextos, ofrendas y del ajuar respaldan los nuevos antecedentes de grupos alfareros tempranos altamente móviles y con presencia de tecnologías no locales.
The life-histories of gold artefacts can provide rich insight into technology and culture, but so far the potential of this research approach has not been exploited in the south central Andes. Here we present the analysis of 34 gold and silver objects from the Middle Period cemetery of Casa Parroquial (San Pedro de Atacama, northern Chile), using pXRF, SEM-EDS, PIXE and digital microscopy. Chemical analyses detected variable compositions (2.4–73.1 per cent Ag and 0.2–3.4 per cent Cu) suggesting that artisans used both native gold and artificial gold-silver-copper alloys. Based on their manufacturing techniques, quality and designs, we identify two working styles, one technically more ‘careful’ than the other. Given their elemental and technological variety, together with the lack of local production evidence, we propose that these artefacts were imported as finished objects from Tiwanaku or Cochabamba and northwest Argentina. However, we identify a series of objects that were modified or reshaped as they entered a new cultural context, revealing complex life-histories. Modifications used relatively simple mechanical means: punching, cutting and folding, most likely made in multi-craft contexts by non-metallurgists from San Pedro.
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