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Objective. To estimate the burden of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (TP), and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among people aged 10 to 25 in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched, as well as documents from regional organizations or national health Institutions. Population-based studies that reported prevalence or incidence of CT, NG, TP, and HPV detected through confirmatory tests in adolescents and young people were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimators were calculated in cases where heterogeneity was <70%; when not feasible, prevalence ranges were reported. Results. Out of a total of 3 583 references, 15 prevalence studies complied with the inclusion criteria. Due to substantial heterogeneity (>70%), it was not possible to pool frequency estimators. Among the general population, the prevalence of CT infection ranged between 2.1% and 30.1% (9 studies, 5 670 participants); for NG, prevalence ranged between 0% and 2.9% (8 studies, 5 855 participants); for TP, prevalence varied between 0% and 0.7% (3 studies, 11 208 participants), and for HPV infection, prevalence ranged between 25.1% and 55.6% (8 studies, 3 831 participants). Conclusions. Reliable, population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents and youth in Latin America and the Caribbean are limited. Additional studies are needed to better understand the burden of STIs in this population. However, given the substantial prevalence of STIs detected, countries need public health policies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of STIs in young people.

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Introduction: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most frequent cause of thrombocytopenia in pediatric population, with a reported incidence of 1.1-12.5 cases per 100 000 children. However, currently there are different definitions of ITP, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Objective: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) to unify ITP definitions, and this way, reduce the variability of its diagnosis, and to provide indications for the treatment of acute, persistent, and chronic ITP in patients under 18 years of age Materials and methods: The CPG was developed by a multidisciplinary group that followed the standard methods of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines for the development of CPGs, formulated PICO clinical questions, and conducted systematic reviews. GRADE evidence profiles were created and recommendations, with their respective level of evidence and strength, were made after a panel of experts assessed the benefit-risk balance, the quality of evidence, the patients’ values and preferences and the context in which they should be implemented. Results: A total of 23 recommendations for the treatment of acute, persistent and chronic ITP by pediatricians, hematologist and health professionals working in emergency services were made. Overall, the evidence of the GPC is of low quality and the recommendations were formulated in order to improve the treatment success rate of ITP and the prognosis of children with this condition. Conclusions: Despite ITP is the main cause of thrombocytopenia in pediatric population, so far there is not enough high quality evidence supporting the recommendations presented here for its proper classification and treatment in children. Thus, further studies providing high quality evidence on this issue are required.