This article analyses Brazil's recent inflation dynamic, considering different expectations environments within the New-Keynesian Phillips curve framework, to observe how the potential for discretionary behaviour by the monetary authority can interfere in economic agents' forward-looking expectations, and how that interference can affect the way inflation responds to its inertial component and to business-cycle fluctuations. To that end, the study estimates the New-Keynesian Phillips curve and its hybrid version, using the heteroscedasticity-and-autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) estimator of the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results suggest that, when economic agents possess lower degrees of foresight, inflation will be more sensitive to business-cycle fluctuations the larger is its inertial component.
ResumenEn este estudio se analiza la dinámica reciente de la inflación brasileña considerando distintas hipótesis de expectativas para observar la manera en que un posible comportamiento discrecional de la autoridad monetaria puede interferir en las expectativas con miras al futuro de los agentes y la forma en que esa interferencia puede afectar la respuesta de la inflación a su componente inercial y a las oscilaciones en los ciclos económicos en el marco de la curva de Phillips neokeynesiana. Para ello se realizan estimaciones de dicha curva y de su versión híbrida con el método generalizado de momentos (MGM) consistente en presencia de heterocedasticidad y autocorrelación. Los resultados sugieren que, en una hipótesis de menor previsibilidad de los agentes, la inflación será más sensible a las oscilaciones en los ciclos económicos cuanto mayor sea su componente inercial. Palabras claveCondiciones económicas, ciclos económicos, inflación, análisis económico, modelos econométricos, Brasil Clasificación JEL E30, E31, E32
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