We present an overview of how teacher training can work as a key element in good professional performance with students at risk of exclusion. The work derives from a doctoral thesis that analyzes a school reengagement program in the region of Murcia (Spain): Occupational Classrooms. The research was theoretically based on an ecological approach of risk of educational exclusion and a multidimensional approach of school engagement. Focusing on a mixed-methods approach with a multilevel convergent nested design, it was possible to investigate multiple levels: macro (policies), meso (school), and micro (classroom), as well as interrelated elements that influence in the possibilities of re-engagement of these students. The results showed notable deficiencies in the professional performance of teachers working with students at risk, revealing difficulties in the professional development of teachers linked to administrative, institutional, cultural, and personal determinants. Similarly, negative repercussions were detected stemming from the involvement of the teaching staff and on the results of the students and their options for continuity in their educational trajectory. To conclude, the importance of cultivating both the necessary conditions for adequate training, as well as those aimed at making teachers feel supported, included, and recognized, were highlighted in this study.
Compartir la docencia en las aulas universitarias. Reflexiones de una experiencia de innovación: "amigo crítico" Share teaching in university classrooms. Reflections of an innovation experience: "critical friend"
Se aportan algunas consideraciones sobre la pertinencia del Método Mixto de Investigación (MMI) para el análisis de programas de re-enganche. En particular, las Aulas Ocupacionales en la Región de Murcia (España). A raíz de la revisión bibliográfica, legislativa y metodológica realizada en el contexto de una Tesis Doctoral, se parte de posicionamientos críticos teórico-políticos sobre el empleo predominante de estudios cuantitativos para estudiar problemáticas como fracaso, abandono o desenganche escolar, que pueden proporcionar repuestas simplistas limitando la concreción de metas y responsabilidades. Se sugiere el empleo de enfoques más profundos y flexibles (cualitativos) que, junto a las cifras, permitan dar voz y conocer las vivencias de sus implicados. Los resultados, de una parte, justifican el MMI como una tercera vía de indagación (junto al enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo) en la investigación social y educativa; aporta, desde una mirada más flexible, funcional, conciliadora y enriquecida, nuevas formas de aproximación y solución. De otro, evidencian diversas dificultades: necesidad de justificar y explicitar su adecuación para mitigar susceptibles cuestionamientos; mayor tiempo y recursos; entrenamiento, conocimientos y habilidades en métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos; diferentes ritmos y tiempos de indagación. Las conclusiones subrayan la importancia y pertinencia del MMI en el estudio de realidades y problemáticas educativas de gran complejidad como las analizadas en el marco del Aula Ocupacional, permitiendo indagar en sus múltiples planos y condicionantes de forma interconectada, en consonancia con los posicionamientos teóricos de partida (enfoque ecológico del riesgo escolar y enfoque multidimensional de School Engagement).
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