Clear decrements in lung function have been reported in patients with diabetes over the past two decades, and many reports have suggested plausible pathophysiological mechanisms. However, there are no reports of functional limitations of activities of daily living ascribable to pulmonary disease in patients with diabetes. This review attempts to summarize the available information from the present literature, to describe the nature of the lung dysfunction in diabetes and the emerging clinical implications of such dysfunction.

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According to our study, arterial ET-1 is markedly increased in ILD patients, especially in those with pulmonary hypertension.

BackgroundBetween 2017 and 2018, Greece experienced a measles outbreak, affecting >3000 patients, most of which were unvaccinated. Measles‐associated pneumonia (MAP) is the most common serious compilation of the disease, but very few recent reports regarding its presentation are available. Materials and MethodsBetween January and May 2018, 11 adult patients presented to our department with acute measles virus infection, hypoxia and findings on chest X‐ray. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected and assessed. Nine out of eleven patients had hypoxic respiratory failure. Other complications included hepatitis, cholestasis and myositis, which were observed in the majority of patients. All patients received supplementary oxygen administration, whereas five patients required continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Scoring of the radiological examinations performed was most notable for the presence of reticular opacities and consolidations. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between PaO2/FiO2 values and the presence of reticular opacities, with PaO2/FiO2 decreasing as the mean value of the reticular opacities score increased (P = .02). ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an association between PaO2/FiO2 values and the presence of reticular opacities in patients with MAP. MAP should be suspected in any patient presenting with acute onset hypoxaemia and a reticular pattern on radiological examination, especially in outbreak settings.

In our study factors associated with the presence of sleep apnea include gender (men), obesity, marriage, and self-employment or being outside the work force.