The article discusses the features of adaptation of foreign students and postgraduates in universities in various countries-Europe, Asia, America and Australia. In foreign psychology, there are a number of external and internal factors that determine the success of adaptation and cause difficulties in the course of adaptation processes. The main external factors include the cultural distance between the home and host countries, the age and gender of students, the specifics of living in campuses, household problems and climate. Socio-cultural adaptation depends mainly on the degree of proximity of cultures, although in any case, foreign students experience a "culture shock". The main internal factors include communicative competence, the nature of motivation, self-efficacy, and value orientations. While studying at a post-graduate at University in another country, the same problems arise as while obtaining higher education, but they are more acute due to the inclusion in research activities, especially those related to the use of equipment and requiring coordination of the work regime with colleagues. In foreign psychology, much attention is paid to the social support of foreign students – informational, emotional and instrumental.

The article reviews the severity of the educational motives of foreign students who begin their first-year studie in Russian universities. Three groups of students took part in the study: Chinese (87 people), Turkmen (92 people), Russian (100 people). The following methods were used: "Self-assessment of educational activity" by A.A. Verbitsky, N.A. Bakshayeva, "Attitude to learning" by O.A. Pakhomova, "Value orientations" by O.I. Motkov, "Diagnostics of socio-psychological adaptation" by K. Rogers and R. Diamond, the projective method "Unfinished sentences". It is shown that the level of development of educational motivation, including cognitive interests, is higher among Chinese students than among Turkmen students. But the attitude to learning is more positive among Turkmen students, since it is related to the attitude towards the host country. The emotional state of foreign students during the period of adaptation to new learning conditions is associated not with educational motivation, but with adaptation to interaction with the social environment. The similarity of the educational motivation of Chinese and Russian first-year students is also shown.

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