La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica de aparición en la infancia y el adulto joven. El subtipo autoinmune (DM1A) es más frecuente en personas con ancestría europea, mientras que el subtipo idiopático (DM1B) es más común en poblaciones de ancestría africana y asiática. Acá presentamos las características demográficas de un grupo de familias “paisas” con al menos un hijo con DM1. Se incluyó una muestra de 200 familias nucleares a las cuales se les aplicó una encuesta que preguntó aspectos generales como género, edad de diagnóstico, origen de los padres, abuelos y bisabuelos. Además se obtuvo la información sobre los autoanticuerpos anti-INS, anti-GAD, anti-ICAs y anti-TPO en 100 de los niños con diagnóstico de DM1. Se encontró que la edad media de diagnóstico fue 7,4 años. El 55% de las familias provenían del oriente antioqueño y el Valle de Aburrá. El 8,4% de los niños tenían un hermano con DM1. Además se pudo determinar que el 80,1% de los niños padecen DM1A, pues estos presentaban al menos un autoanticuerpo. Los resultados sobre autoinmunidad y la edad de diagnóstico permiten asimilar esta muestra con poblaciones europeas, en vez de africanos o asiáticos.  Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with onset at infancy and early adulthood. The autoimmune subtype (T1DA) is the most frequent in people with European ancestry, whilst the idiopathic subtype (T1DB) is the commonest in populations of African or Asian ancestry. Here we present the demographic features of a set of “paisa” families which had al least one child with T1D. Two hundred nuclear families were included. An instrument asking for general information such as gender, age at diagnosis, origin of their parents, grandparents and great- grandparents was applied. In addition, auto-antibodies data for INS, GAD, IA2 and TPO were obtained in a sub-set of 100 patients. The age at diagnosis was 7,4 years. 55% of the families came from “Oriente”, “Norte” and “Suroeste” sub-regions. 8,4% of the children had one sib with the disease. Besides, it could be determined that 80,1% of the tested sample had T1DA, since they presented at least one type 1 diabetes related auto-antibody. Our results on autoimmunity and age at diagnosis let us assimilate this sample with European populations, rather than Africans or Asians.

Introducción. La región del antígeno leucocitario humano (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA) se ha asociado claramente con enfermedades autoinmunitarias, como la diabetes mellitus de tipo 1. Los polimorfismos representativos de un solo nucleótido (tag Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, tag SNP) constituyen una forma alternativa de evaluar los alelos clásicos del HLA. En la población europea se ha reportado un grupo de tag SNP para múltiples alelos clásicos relacionados con la predisposición o la resistencia frente a dicha enfermedad.Objetivo. Validar la metodología basada en los tag SNP enfocada en la inferencia de alelos HLA clásicos, y evaluar su asociación con la diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 en una muestra de familias antioqueñas.Materiales y métodos. Se estudió una muestra de 200 familias antioqueñas con uno a dos hijos afectados por diabetes mellitus de tipo 1. Se genotipificaron 13 SNP mediante el ARMS-PCR (Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction) con cuatro iniciadores, o mediante la PCR-RFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Además, se evaluó la validez de los tag SNP de 1.000 genomas reportados en europeos en una muestra de 60 individuos de la población colombiana de Medellín. Se hicieron las pruebas de desequilibrio de la transmisión, de desequilibrio de ligamiento y de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg.Resultados. En la población de estudio no se encontró suficiente desequilibrio de ligamiento entre los SNP y los alelos clásicos evaluados, por lo cual no fue posible inferir los alelos clásicos del HLA para el conjunto de familias con diabetes mellitus de tipo 1. El estudio de asociación evidenció que esta región aporta factores tanto de riesgo como de protección para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Los tag SNP apropiados para la muestra de estudio se determinaron usando los SNP ubicados en la región HLA en la base de datos del 1000 Genomes Project en la mencionada población.Conclusiones. Los patrones de desequilibrio de ligamiento en la población estudiada fueron diferentes a los reportados para la población europea. A pesar de esto, se encontró evidencia clara sobre el papel de la región HLA en el riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 en la población de estudio.

Background and Aims Patients with CKD are at higher risk of hospitalization (hosp) and this event is a known marker of prognosis. In this study we aim to describe hospitalizations in LatinAmerica and the impact on body composition as measured by multifrequency bioimpedance. Method All hospitalizations from Fresenius Medical Care clinical database (EuCliD®) registered in dialysis patients from Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Perú during calendar year 2018 were included into the analysis. For each hospitalization we reviewed main reason (ICD10 code), duration and outcome (discharge or death). Body composition was measured using multifrequency bioimpedance (BMC®). On patients with BCM data available in the 30 days prior to hospitalization and before 15 days after discharge values pre and post hospitalization were recorded (BCM data, lab data, treatment data). Pre and post data were compared using Student t test for paired samples. All values expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results During all calendar year 2018, a total of 23,347 hospitalizations from 44,228 patients were recorded.  Mean age was 61.4 ± 16.1 / Male 56.4% / diabetes 38.7%. Accounting for time at risk, hosp rate was 0.74 hosp/pt-year at risk. Mean stay at hospital was 10.9 ± 14.4 days (7.6 days/pt-yr). 35.24% of patients suffer at least one hosp during the year. Reasons for hospitalization are indicated in table 1: Conclusion: Hospitalization in dialysis patients is a frequent event. It has a significant impact on Hb, Ca, P and Albumin levels. Although net patient's weight is significantly reduced, real decrease in muscular and fat mass may be masked by increase in excess water (overhydration) as shown in our results. An early BCM measurement and dry weight adjustment after discharge may be a helpful tool for patient management optimization.

Background Peru started its national vaccination campaign in February 2021 using Sinopharm vaccine, targeting healthcare personnel on its initial phase. Although the immunogenicity of this vaccine was tested in clinical trials, there are no studies that evaluated the humoral response post vaccination in Peru. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study, which objective was to evaluate the humoral immunogenicity triggered by the Sinopharm vaccine in Peruvian physicians. We collected demographic and epidemiologic data via an electronic. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1/S2 antibodies were measured by chemiluminescense (Liaison®). A positive test was defined as >15 U/ml, which has correlation of 95% with neutralizing antibodies measured by plaque reduction neutralizing test. Results 92 participants were enrolled in the study. The epidemiologic characteristics are described in table 1. The mean level of antibodies measured at least 2 weeks from the second vaccine dose was 67.5 ± 70.5 U/ml. 85.7% of the study cohort had positive S1/S2 antibodies. In the univariate analysis, an imperfect negative correlation was found between the level of antibodies and participants’ age (r= -0.24; regression F test 5.25; p = 0.0242). A weak negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer and the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement (r= -0.17). A higher antibody level post vaccine was found in individuals who worked in COVID units (105.5 U / mL vs 58.2 U / mL; p = 0.0125), and in participants with history of COVID (216.5 U / mL vs 81.2 U / mL; p = < 0.0000). Hypertension was associated with lower antibody titers (36.9 U / mL vs. 74.6; p = 0.0464). In the multivariate analysis, working in COVID units, having previous COVID infection and shorter time from second vaccine dose and day of antibody measurement were associated with higher antibody levels post vaccine (table 2). Conclusion Our study showed that the time elapsed from the second vaccine dose and the day of antibody measurement, having previous COVID-19 infection and working in COVID -19 units may help to predict higher antibody titers post vaccine. Larger studies to evaluate the humoral response post Sinopharm vaccine and its clinical implications are still needed in Peru. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures